本文選題：交通擁堵 + 節(jié)能環(huán)保　； 參考：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化的快速推進(jìn)，我國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)化水平明顯上升。由于大多城市在擴(kuò)張過(guò)程中走了攤大餅的方式，導(dǎo)致城市居民的住宿和工作分離的現(xiàn)象，客觀上增加了通勤需求。另一方面，私家車(chē)出行的比重在經(jīng)歷了大幅攀升后，轎車(chē)保有量仍然在快速增長(zhǎng)，使得城市道路利用率低，城市交通已經(jīng)不堪重負(fù)。惡劣的交通環(huán)境使得燃油浪費(fèi)、環(huán)境污染等問(wèn)題受到廣泛的關(guān)注。 為解決城市交通問(wèn)題，各大城市嘗試了限購(gòu)、限行、提高停車(chē)費(fèi)用、擴(kuò)大交通供給等多種強(qiáng)制性的引導(dǎo)措施，但是從效果來(lái)看，沒(méi)有一種措施真正從根本上解決城市交通擁堵問(wèn)題。本文通過(guò)對(duì)北京天通苑通勤快車(chē)調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)的分析，可以看出公共交通對(duì)私家車(chē)主缺乏吸引力，最主要的原因在于乘車(chē)環(huán)境不能令其滿(mǎn)意。所以，為了滿(mǎn)足乘客多元化的乘車(chē)需求，出現(xiàn)了介于城市客車(chē)和出租車(chē)之間的通勤方式——定制商務(wù)班車(chē)。 通過(guò)對(duì)北京市定制商務(wù)班車(chē)的多次實(shí)地調(diào)研，定制商務(wù)班車(chē)一人一座，一站直達(dá)的特點(diǎn)對(duì)私家車(chē)主有著較強(qiáng)的吸引力；區(qū)別于普通公交來(lái)定價(jià)，使得公交公司在定制商務(wù)班車(chē)的發(fā)展中積極響應(yīng)。此外，廣州和深圳等一線城市，濟(jì)南和青島等二線城市也在定制商務(wù)班車(chē)領(lǐng)域做出積極的嘗試。定制商務(wù)班車(chē)自北京推廣以來(lái)，短時(shí)間內(nèi)線路發(fā)展迅速，在緩解交通擁堵、節(jié)能環(huán)保、減小停車(chē)位壓力和降低交通事故風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等方面效果顯著。 由于定制商務(wù)班車(chē)特有的運(yùn)營(yíng)方式，使得其既區(qū)別于普通公交車(chē)，又區(qū)別于公路客車(chē)，需要重新的定位和設(shè)計(jì)。本文針對(duì)定制商務(wù)班車(chē)的運(yùn)營(yíng)特點(diǎn)，為新車(chē)型的開(kāi)發(fā)提出了基本的原則。結(jié)合北京已開(kāi)通線路的調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)，分析了定制商務(wù)班車(chē)乘客的真實(shí)需求，為新車(chē)型的研發(fā)提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐。本文還針對(duì)純電動(dòng)客車(chē)的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，，結(jié)合客車(chē)市場(chǎng)形勢(shì)，得到純電動(dòng)客車(chē)符合定制商務(wù)班車(chē)運(yùn)營(yíng)特點(diǎn)的結(jié)論，提出定制商務(wù)班車(chē)是純電動(dòng)客車(chē)新的市場(chǎng)切入點(diǎn)的思路。
[Abstract]:With the development of our national economy and the rapid development of urbanization, the level of motorization in China has risen obviously. Because most cities have adopted the way of spreading cake in the process of expansion, it leads to the separation of accommodation and work of urban residents, which objectively increases the demand for commuting. On the other hand, the proportion of private car travel after a large increase, car ownership is still growing rapidly, making the urban road utilization ratio is low, urban traffic has been overwhelmed. The bad traffic environment causes the fuel waste, the environmental pollution and so on to receive the widespread attention. In order to solve urban traffic problems, major cities have tried to limit purchases, limit traffic, increase parking fees, expand traffic supply and other mandatory guiding measures, but from the effect point of view, None of the measures really solve the problem of urban traffic congestion fundamentally. Based on the analysis of the data of Beijing Tiantong Yuan commuter express, it can be seen that public transport is not attractive to private car owners, and the main reason is that the driving environment is not satisfactory to them. Therefore, in order to meet the diversified passenger demand, there is a commute between city bus and taxi-custom business bus. Through a number of field investigations on customized commercial buses in Beijing, the characteristics of custom-made commercial buses with one passenger and one stop have a strong appeal to private car owners; different from ordinary public transport, they are priced. So that bus companies in the development of customized commercial bus in the positive response. In addition, Guangzhou and Shenzhen and other cities, Jinan and Qingdao, such as second-tier cities in the field of customized commercial bus to make an active attempt. Since it was popularized in Beijing, the custom commercial bus has developed rapidly in a short period of time. It has a remarkable effect in alleviating traffic congestion, saving energy and environmental protection, reducing parking space pressure and reducing the risk of traffic accidents. Because of the special operation mode of the custom commercial bus, it is different from the ordinary bus and the highway bus, so it needs to be reoriented and designed. This paper puts forward the basic principles for the development of new models according to the operating characteristics of custom commercial bus. Based on the survey data of Beijing line, this paper analyzes the real demand of custom-made commercial bus passengers, and provides data support for the development of new models. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of pure electric bus and combined with the market situation of the bus, the conclusion that the pure electric bus accords with the operating characteristics of the custom commercial bus is obtained, and the train of thought that the customized commercial bus is a new market entry point for pure electric bus is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491;U492.43

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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