本文選題：橋隧連接段　切入點(diǎn)：風(fēng)特性　出處：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著城市間聯(lián)系的不斷加強(qiáng)、高速公路的不斷建設(shè)和國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的需要，高速公路正逐步向山嶺和重丘地區(qū)發(fā)展。然而隨著我國(guó)高速公路的不斷發(fā)展，其行車安全問(wèn)題也日益突出。此外，橋隧密布、橋隧相連的情況對(duì)山區(qū)高速公路的交通安全保障也提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。在惡劣氣象條件及特殊地理環(huán)境下，高速公路上發(fā)生交通事故的幾率大，同時(shí)惡劣氣象條件對(duì)于事故救援和交通安全管制工作也十分不利。但現(xiàn)階段關(guān)于山區(qū)高速公路的研究多集中在對(duì)安全問(wèn)題的闡述及事故原因的定性分析上，對(duì)惡劣天氣方面的影響主要集中在對(duì)雨、雪、霧等不利天氣的研究，缺少風(fēng)對(duì)于行車安全的影響研究。汽車在山區(qū)高速公路橋隧連接段上行駛時(shí)，受風(fēng)影響較大。當(dāng)風(fēng)流經(jīng)峽谷，會(huì)加快流速，同時(shí)由于地表的影響，會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的脈動(dòng)風(fēng)，平均風(fēng)夾帶著脈動(dòng)風(fēng)流動(dòng)。特別是汽車高速行駛時(shí)，在大風(fēng)作用下的氣動(dòng)側(cè)向力將引起車輪側(cè)偏和非穩(wěn)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)向，因此峽谷風(fēng)對(duì)行車安全有重要的影響。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外尚缺乏這方面的系統(tǒng)研究，本文試圖從橋隧連接段上風(fēng)特性揭示出對(duì)行車安全研究的機(jī)理。 為研究山區(qū)路段峽谷風(fēng)對(duì)橋隧連接段上行車安全的影響，本文選用數(shù)值模擬方法對(duì)該問(wèn)題進(jìn)行計(jì)算，利用三維粘性非定常不可壓縮N-S方程、k-湍流模型，采用有限體積法建立了峽谷風(fēng)作用下橋隧連接段周圍空氣流場(chǎng)的數(shù)值計(jì)算模型，基于風(fēng)工程有關(guān)理論分析了橋隧連接段上的風(fēng)特性。在沒有車輛行駛時(shí)的峽谷風(fēng)作用下，分析了線路—環(huán)境雙重作用下基礎(chǔ)風(fēng)環(huán)境的流場(chǎng)分布，并且以橋隧連接段為研究對(duì)象，試圖模擬出其風(fēng)速變化，為交通安全可行性研究奠定數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)提出了橋隧連接段上空等效風(fēng)速和側(cè)風(fēng)效應(yīng)系數(shù)概念，合理地反映橋面上空的風(fēng)特性，定量地比較橋隧連接段上風(fēng)速沿高度和距橋梁中央位置水平距離的不規(guī)則變化。 應(yīng)用汽車外流場(chǎng)數(shù)值模擬的方法，將行駛在山區(qū)高速公路橋隧連接段上的汽車作為研究對(duì)象。在假設(shè)和簡(jiǎn)化的基礎(chǔ)上，利用GAMBIT軟件建立用于數(shù)值模擬的三維汽車模型，采用動(dòng)網(wǎng)格技術(shù)和C++編程，根據(jù)山區(qū)高速公路限速選取適當(dāng)汽車速度，仿真模擬車輛位于這樣的風(fēng)場(chǎng)環(huán)境中，相關(guān)影響指標(biāo)及汽車外流場(chǎng)壓力分布的變化情況，定量研究汽車在運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)下氣動(dòng)力系數(shù)，直觀的認(rèn)識(shí)流場(chǎng)各處壓力分布，分離和渦流的產(chǎn)生及發(fā)展。 采用較常使用的混凝土護(hù)欄，考慮最不利因素的影響，獲得了護(hù)欄對(duì)橋面風(fēng)環(huán)境影響的基本規(guī)律。借鑒大跨度橋梁連續(xù)風(fēng)障的設(shè)置，針對(duì)山區(qū)高速公路橋隧連接段其中間風(fēng)速高，兩邊風(fēng)速低的特點(diǎn)，考慮不同尺寸、孔隙率及起止長(zhǎng)度，設(shè)計(jì)適合山區(qū)高速公路特點(diǎn)的漸變風(fēng)障。提出了不同的風(fēng)障類型，選取減速的作用程度和湍流強(qiáng)度作為評(píng)比指標(biāo)，定量分析其減速效果，確定出最適合山區(qū)高速公路橋隧連接段風(fēng)環(huán)境的漸變風(fēng)障。利用動(dòng)網(wǎng)格技術(shù)仿真模擬漸變風(fēng)障對(duì)車輛氣動(dòng)穩(wěn)定性及車身周圍處壓力的影響。 利用風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)、西漢高速公路現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)及實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本數(shù)據(jù)建立山區(qū)高速公路橋隧連接段行車安全模型實(shí)例分析。利用模糊理論評(píng)價(jià)法建立山區(qū)高速公路橋隧連接段行車安全改進(jìn)對(duì)比性分析，全面闡述了橋隧連接段影響機(jī)動(dòng)車行車安全的因素，采用層次分析法（AHP）將影響機(jī)動(dòng)車行車安全的因素分為兩層，結(jié)合層次分析法（AHP）和人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法對(duì)兩層的各因素進(jìn)行建模，，借助MATLAB-simulink等軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)模型求解。通過(guò)分析驗(yàn)證數(shù)值模擬的準(zhǔn)確性、添加護(hù)欄和階梯型漸變風(fēng)障后的有效性以及評(píng)價(jià)方法的適用性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of inter - city connection , the continuous construction of the expressway and the sustainable development of the national economy , the highway is gradually developing towards the mountains and the heavy hills . However , with the development of the expressway in China , the traffic safety problem of the highway is increasingly prominent . In addition , the influence of the wind on the traffic safety is greatly influenced by the adverse weather conditions such as rain , snow and fog .

In order to study the effect of valley wind on bridge tunnel connection in mountain road section , the numerical simulation method is used to calculate the air flow field around the bridge tunnel under the action of three - dimensional viscous unsteady incompressible N - S equation and k - turbulence model .

On the basis of assumption and simplification , a three - dimensional automobile model for numerical simulation is established by the use of the dynamic grid technique and C ++ programming . The simulation simulation vehicle is located in such a wind farm environment . The simulation simulation vehicle is located in such a wind farm environment . The simulation simulation vehicle is located in such a wind farm environment . The simulation simulation vehicle is located in such a wind farm environment . The simulation simulation vehicle is located in such a wind farm environment . The simulation simulation vehicle is located in such a wind farm environment . The simulation simulation vehicle is located in such a wind farm environment . The dynamic coefficient of the vehicle is quantitatively studied , and the pressure distribution , separation and vortex generation and development in the flow field are recognized intuitively .

Based on the influence of the most unfavorable factors , the basic law of the impact of the barrier on the wind environment of the bridge deck is obtained by the use of the commonly used concrete barrier . For reference to the characteristics of high wind speed and low wind speed of the bridge and tunnel junction of the mountain highway , different types of wind obstacles are taken into account , the effect degree of deceleration and the turbulence intensity are taken into consideration to quantitatively analyze the deceleration effect , and the influence of the gradient wind barrier on the aerodynamic stability of the vehicle and the pressure around the vehicle body is determined by using the dynamic grid technology simulation .

In this paper , an example of driving safety model of bridge and tunnel connecting section in mountain highway is established by means of wind tunnel test , on - site measurement and experimental sample data of Xihan highway . The factors influencing the safety of motor vehicle driving safety are analyzed by fuzzy theory evaluation method . The factors influencing the safety of motor vehicle driving safety are analyzed comprehensively by using analytic hierarchy process ( AHP ) and artificial neural network method . The accuracy of numerical simulation is verified , the effectiveness of the barrier and step type gradient wind barrier is added and the applicability of the evaluation method is applied .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U492.84;U458

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