【摘要】：焊接是船舶建造的主要加工手段,焊接水平的高低在很大程度上決定了船舶的建造質(zhì)量和效率。傳統(tǒng)的船體焊接工藝設計過程中主要依靠大量的焊接試驗和焊接工人的經(jīng)驗,不僅設計效率低、成本高,而且對焊接參數(shù)與焊接性能之間的影響關系也很難掌握。同時,在船體分段裝焊過程中,焊接變形的存在不僅造成了分段結(jié)構尺寸精度下降和承載能力降低,而且在工作荷載作用下引起的附加彎矩和應力集中現(xiàn)象也是船舶結(jié)構早期失效的主要原因,因此,對焊接變形的預測及控制已成為船舶生產(chǎn)中迫切需要解決的重要課題。針對上述問題,本文提出小構件的熱彈塑性法和大分段的固有應變法,以熱彈塑性有限元法為基礎對船體典型構件的焊接工藝過程進行仿真分析,結(jié)合固有應變理論對大型船體分段裝焊變形進行仿真預測研究,并通過焊接試驗驗證仿真結(jié)果的可靠性,為實際船體焊接工藝的設計提供理論指導。論文主要研究工作如下:(1)針對傳統(tǒng)焊接工藝制定過程需要大量試驗以及成本高等問題,提出基于熱彈塑性有限元法的船體典型構件焊接工藝數(shù)值仿真研究。分析船體典型構件多層多道焊接的溫度場、變形和應力場的變化規(guī)律,設計與數(shù)值模擬相同焊接工藝的焊接試驗,分別從焊后變形和殘余應力兩方面驗證仿真結(jié)果的可靠性。(2)針對目前焊接工藝參數(shù)缺乏有效的優(yōu)化手段等問題,提出單因素控制法的船體典型構件焊接工藝優(yōu)化。在對船舶焊接工藝深入分析的基礎上,基于熱彈塑性有限元法對船體典型構件的焊接工藝過程進行仿真優(yōu)化計算,得到焊接速度、焊接電流和焊接順序?qū)附訙囟葓�、變形和應力場的影響關系,為建立焊接工藝參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫奠定了基礎。(3)針對大型船體分段裝焊工藝仿真及變形預測困難等問題,提出基于固有應變法的大型船體分段整體焊接變形仿真預測研究。通過建立固有應變數(shù)據(jù)庫,實現(xiàn)大尺寸、多焊縫的船體分段整體焊接變形仿真預測。為了獲得船體分段的最佳裝焊順序,以整體最小變形量為優(yōu)化目標,對船體分段裝焊順序進行仿真優(yōu)化計算,并通過船體分段裝焊試驗驗證了優(yōu)化結(jié)果的可靠性。
[Abstract]:Welding is the main processing method of ship construction. The level of welding determines the quality and efficiency of ship construction to a great extent. Traditional hull welding process design mainly depends on a large number of welding tests and welding workers' experience. It is not only low efficiency and high cost, but also difficult to master the relationship between welding parameters and welding performance. At the same time, the welding deformation not only reduces the dimensional accuracy and the bearing capacity of the segmented structure, but also decreases the bearing capacity of the hull. Moreover, the phenomena of additional bending moment and stress concentration caused by working load are also the main causes of early failure of ship structure. Therefore, the prediction and control of welding deformation has become an urgent problem to be solved in ship production. In order to solve the above problems, the thermoelastic-plastic method and the large segment inherent strain method are proposed in this paper. Based on the thermoelastic-plastic finite element method, the welding process of typical hull members is simulated and analyzed. Based on the inherent strain theory, the simulation and prediction of the deformation of large hull segment assembly welding are carried out, and the reliability of the simulation results is verified by welding test, which provides theoretical guidance for the design of actual hull welding process. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) aiming at the problems of high cost and large amount of experiments in the traditional welding process, a numerical simulation study on the welding process of typical ship hull members based on thermoelastic-plastic finite element method is proposed. The variation law of temperature field, deformation and stress field of multi-layer and multi-pass welding of typical hull member is analyzed, and the welding test of the same welding process as numerical simulation is designed. The reliability of the simulation results is verified from the two aspects of post-welding deformation and residual stress. (2) aiming at the lack of effective optimization methods for welding process parameters at present, a single-factor control method is proposed to optimize the welding process of typical hull members. Based on the deep analysis of ship welding technology, the welding process of typical hull members is simulated and optimized based on thermoelastic-plastic finite element method, and the welding speed, welding current and welding sequence are obtained. The relationship between deformation and stress field lays a foundation for establishing the database of welding process parameters. (3) aiming at the difficulties of simulation and deformation prediction of large hull assembly and welding process, Based on the inherent strain method, the simulation and prediction research on the welding deformation of large hull segment is presented. Through the establishment of inherent strain database, the simulation prediction of hull segment integral welding deformation of large size and multi weld seam is realized. In order to obtain the optimal assembly and welding sequence of the hull segment, the optimal sequence of the hull segment assembly and welding is calculated with the overall minimum deformation as the optimization objective, and the reliability of the optimized result is verified by the hull segment assembly and welding test.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U671.8;TG404

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