餐廚垃圾厭氧消化的生物制氫研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-22 00:29
【摘要】：氫氣燃燒時產生水而不是溫室氣體,因此被認為是可再生的清潔能源。氫氣的獲得途徑有多種,如從化石燃料中獲取等。但因生物生產氫氣的過程和其他傳統(tǒng)生產工藝相比具有無害環(huán)境及節(jié)能等特點而更加受到歡迎。常用的生物制氫方法中,暗發(fā)酵具有更低的生產成本,因為以淤泥形式存在的梭狀芽胞桿菌聯(lián)合體可以作為接種物。除了接種物,厭氧發(fā)酵也需要底物來進行生物制氫。為此,制氫研究領域中城市生活垃圾的有機成分、餐廚垃圾(FW)因其揮發(fā)性固體和有機質含量高獲得了較高關注。統(tǒng)計資料顯示,在2013年,中國產生了1.7239億噸餐廚垃圾。餐廚垃圾的主要組成是米飯和面條,即40%餐廚垃圾是由米類殘余(RW)和面類殘余(NW)構成。鑒于以上事實,本研究中應用550ml實驗室規(guī)模的沼氣池,在不同pH值和溫度控制下,采用餐廚垃圾與熱沖擊污泥等比例混合進行氫氣的生產。生物制氫期間,研究了培養(yǎng)期的化學需氧量(COD)、揮發(fā)性固體(VS)、PH下降值、葡萄糖消耗量和揮發(fā)性脂肪酸生成。使用經修正的Gompertz方程來研究生物產氫的動力學參數(shù)。選擇響應面法通過二次建模對研究結果進行更好地展示。結果概括如下;1、將餐廚垃圾、面類殘余和米類殘余分別與作為梭狀芽孢桿菌聯(lián)合體來源的污泥混合,在不同的物理條件(pH 5, 6和7,溫度37℃和55℃)下進行生物制氫研究。過程中每12h后,人為調整pH值為初始值。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當pH從5增至7,所有測試廢棄物的生物氫產量增加;而當溫度增加,只有餐廚垃圾的生物產氫量增加。pH為7時,在常溫面類殘余中產生的生物氫量最高,為115. 76ml/VS。實驗表明,pH值從7降到4. 8±0.2的過程是對于中高溫條件下的廢棄物而言都是生物產氫的最佳條件,另外大部分的氫生產于72小時的培養(yǎng)期。2、研究了在初始pH值為7且沒有pH控制的條件下,餐廚垃圾、面類殘余和米類殘余在中溫升至高溫過程中的生物產氫量。實驗結果表明,中溫溫度(37℃)升高至高溫(55℃)過程是提高餐廚垃圾和面類殘余生物制氫的有效途徑,但對米類殘余而言溫度升高則有負面影響。大部分的產氫是在孵化48小時一直持續(xù)到72小時,在此期間pH值從初始的7降至4.3 (中溫)和4.4 (高溫)。最大產氫量82.47 mL/VS,131.38 mL/COD和44.90 mL/glucose分別是從高溫餐廚垃圾,高溫面類殘余和中溫米類殘余中獲得。3、在pH控制間隔為 12h(PM12)和24h(PM24)及溫度37±0. 1℃和55±0.1℃下研究餐廚垃圾和其2個附屬衍生物的生物制氫量。生物制氫行為在PM12的反應器中好過在PM24的反應器。pH值從7降到5. 3是適合面類殘余在中溫條件下的共同消化,此時pH管理間隔12h(PM12)條件下的氫產量最高,為145.93 mL/g COD。當溫度從37℃增加到55℃和pH值管理間隔從24h降至12h時,餐廚垃圾、面類殘余和米類殘余的生物產氫量也分別從39. 21 mmL/g CODremoved? ?升至89.67 mL/g CODremoved,91.77 mL/g CDOeremoved升至145.93 mL/g CODremoved和15.36 mL/g CODremoved升至117. 62 mL/g CODremoved。總的來說,PM12被證實是一種有效的用于餐廚垃圾厭氧消化進行生物制氫的條件。4、分別研究餐廚垃圾和它的兩個主要衍生物在中高溫條件加熱12h /天(HI12)和24h/天(HI24)的生物制氫量。最高的生物氫產量104.08 mL/VSremoved和85. 14 mL/VSremoved分別在高溫面類殘余加熱24h/天和中溫米類殘余加熱12h/天條件下獲得。加熱間隔從HI24降至HI12時,高溫面類殘余和中溫餐廚垃圾的生物氫氣產量降低了28. 19%和27. 11%。而同樣加熱時間間隔的變化增加了中溫米類殘余的生物產氫量17. 24%�？傮w而言,高溫時HI12處理比中溫時HI24處理的產氫量更高,而兩者的理論能量需求幾乎是一樣的。5、研究了加熱時間對揮發(fā)性固體去除率的影響,結果表明HI12相比HI24減少了中溫餐廚垃圾22. 66%的揮發(fā)性固體去除率,這使得HI12是合適用于污水處理廠的節(jié)能選擇。區(qū)間加熱也有助于降低pH值的平均下降和VFA產量,有利于更好地控制pH和VFA。
[Abstract]:The generation of water rather than a greenhouse gas in the combustion of hydrogen is considered to be a renewable clean energy source. Hydrogen is available in a variety of ways, such as from fossil fuels. But is more popular with the characteristics of harmless environment and energy saving compared with other traditional production processes. In commonly used biohydrogen production processes, dark fermentation has a lower production cost because the Clostridium species present in the form of sludge can be used as an inoculum. In addition to that inoculum, the anaerobic fermentation also require a substrate for biological hydrogen production. For this reason, the organic components of municipal solid waste in the field of hydrogen production research and the kitchen waste (FW) have been paid high attention because of the high content of volatile solid and organic matter. Statistics show that in 2013, China has produced 1.79 billion tons of kitchen waste. The main components of the kitchen waste are rice and noodles, that is,40% of the kitchen waste is composed of a rice residue (RW) and a surface type residue (NW). In view of the above facts, in this study,550 ml of the laboratory scale methane tank is applied, and the production of hydrogen gas is carried out by the ratio of kitchen waste and thermal shock sludge under different pH value and temperature control. During the biological hydrogen production, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), the volatile solid (VS), the pH value, the consumption of glucose and the generation of volatile fatty acids during the incubation period were studied. The modified Gompertz equation was used to study the kinetic parameters of hydrogen production. The selection response surface method is used for better display of the research results by the secondary modeling. The results are summarized as follows:1. The residue of the kitchen waste, the residue of the flour and the residual rice residue are respectively mixed with the sludge which is the source of the Clostridium sporogenes, and the biological hydrogen production is carried out under different physical conditions (pH 5,6 and 7, temperature 37 鈩，
本文編號：2482529
[Abstract]:The generation of water rather than a greenhouse gas in the combustion of hydrogen is considered to be a renewable clean energy source. Hydrogen is available in a variety of ways, such as from fossil fuels. But is more popular with the characteristics of harmless environment and energy saving compared with other traditional production processes. In commonly used biohydrogen production processes, dark fermentation has a lower production cost because the Clostridium species present in the form of sludge can be used as an inoculum. In addition to that inoculum, the anaerobic fermentation also require a substrate for biological hydrogen production. For this reason, the organic components of municipal solid waste in the field of hydrogen production research and the kitchen waste (FW) have been paid high attention because of the high content of volatile solid and organic matter. Statistics show that in 2013, China has produced 1.79 billion tons of kitchen waste. The main components of the kitchen waste are rice and noodles, that is,40% of the kitchen waste is composed of a rice residue (RW) and a surface type residue (NW). In view of the above facts, in this study,550 ml of the laboratory scale methane tank is applied, and the production of hydrogen gas is carried out by the ratio of kitchen waste and thermal shock sludge under different pH value and temperature control. During the biological hydrogen production, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), the volatile solid (VS), the pH value, the consumption of glucose and the generation of volatile fatty acids during the incubation period were studied. The modified Gompertz equation was used to study the kinetic parameters of hydrogen production. The selection response surface method is used for better display of the research results by the secondary modeling. The results are summarized as follows:1. The residue of the kitchen waste, the residue of the flour and the residual rice residue are respectively mixed with the sludge which is the source of the Clostridium sporogenes, and the biological hydrogen production is carried out under different physical conditions (pH 5,6 and 7, temperature 37 鈩，
本文編號：2482529
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