基于振動信號SVM的管殼式換熱器堵塞故障診斷方法研究
[Abstract]:Heat exchanger is a kind of typical chemical equipment in large petrochemical enterprise. Its typical fault is pipe scaling, blockage and leakage when serious, which will affect the heat transfer effect of heat exchanger. It even affects the safe operation of the whole chemical plant when it is serious. Therefore, it is necessary to study the condition monitoring system of heat exchanger. The traditional state monitoring system of chemical equipment generally uses wired network to transmit data. Because of the difficulty of wiring and construction, it is a difficult problem to monitor the state of chemical equipment after putting into production. Wireless sensor network (WSN) has the advantages of flexible installation, scalability and robustness, which makes it possible to solve the wiring problem of wired monitoring system. Up to now, there are many researches on fluid induced vibration principle and vibration absorption design of heat exchangers at home and abroad, less on fault monitoring systems for heat exchangers, and even less on judging fault state of circulating water heat exchangers by vibration. In this paper, the fault diagnosis of circulating water heat exchanger based on wireless vibration sensor is selected. The main research contents are as follows: (1) based on the fluid-solid coupling model of heat exchanger clogging fault, the finite element method is used to establish the fault model of different scaling degree of the straight pipe, and the vibration properties of the straight pipe under the condition of scaling fault are discussed. The influence of flow velocity and scaling degree on the vibration of straight pipe was studied. The feasibility of the model is verified by the vibration experiment of straight pipe. The vibration properties of heat exchanger fault model with different number of blocked tubes and different inlet velocities are studied by establishing a fluid-solid coupling model of heat exchanger clogging fault. The effect of flow rate and the number of blocked tubes on the vibration signal of heat exchanger is discussed. (2) the fault diagnosis method of circulating water heat exchanger based on vibration signal is studied by analyzing the vibration signal of heat exchanger in different states, combining the parameters of inlet velocity and centrifugal pump speed, etc. A time-frequency fault feature extraction method for vibration signals based on inlet velocity of heat exchanger is proposed. The database of time-frequency fault features of heat exchangers and the support vector machine classifier (MAV-SVM) based on rectifier average are established. Five classical dimensionless parameters of vibration signal of heat exchanger are studied. Support vector machine classifier (DPD-SVM) based on feature extraction of dimensionless parameters is established, and a six-dimensional DPD-SVM. based on average rectifier is further constructed. In order to improve the accuracy of DPD-SVM classifier in heat exchanger fault diagnosis, the SVM parameter optimization technology is studied. (3) the method of manually filling the plug in heat exchanger clogging test bed and field experiment is studied. The experimental model of heat exchanger with different number of blocked tubes is established, and the vibration signals of heat exchanger under various clogging fault conditions are analyzed, and the feasibility of time-frequency domain fault feature extraction method, MAV-SVM and DPD-SVM classifier is verified. By sampling and analyzing the vibration signals of three heat exchangers in different states of petrochemical production field, the feasibility of obtaining vibration signals of heat exchangers in production site and the influence of environmental noise on data acquisition are studied. The separability of the DPD-SVM method for vibration signals in different states is verified. (4) the state monitoring system of heat exchangers based on vibration signals is studied using LabVIEW and Matlab mixed programming technology. The signal analysis system of heat exchanger based on wireline vibration sensor and wireless vibration sensor is developed to realize the analysis of vibration signal in time domain frequency domain and dimensionless parameter. A real-time monitoring fault diagnosis and alarm system based on laboratory heat exchanger model is developed based on the fault characteristic database of heat exchanger and DPD-SVM classifier.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:TQ051.5
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