本文關(guān)鍵詞： 風(fēng)速 油罐火 開口因子 燃燒速率 火焰輻射 火焰圖像　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,國(guó)家對(duì)各種油品的需求日益增加,各個(gè)國(guó)家都加快石油的儲(chǔ)備,我國(guó)各個(gè)地區(qū)成品油庫數(shù)量也迅速上升。增加石油儲(chǔ)備的同時(shí)如何保障儲(chǔ)油罐區(qū)的安全問題亟需解決和研究。石油本身有易燃、易爆等特性,因此儲(chǔ)油罐區(qū)一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi)將難以撲滅,不僅會(huì)造成重大國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,還會(huì)對(duì)人員生命安全、環(huán)境安全造成嚴(yán)重威脅。由于儲(chǔ)油罐區(qū)一般在室外建造,實(shí)際發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí),自然環(huán)境風(fēng)速將會(huì)對(duì)火災(zāi)產(chǎn)生影響,火焰發(fā)生傾斜,相鄰油罐輻射、熱蒸汽的流動(dòng)都將有所變化,火焰與周圍環(huán)境的卷吸強(qiáng)度加強(qiáng),加速火災(zāi)的蔓延。目前對(duì)油罐火的研究主要集中在無風(fēng)條件下,因此急需對(duì)有風(fēng)條件下油罐火燃燒特性進(jìn)行研究,為實(shí)際油罐火災(zāi)的撲救、防治提供理論依據(jù)。 根據(jù)實(shí)際儲(chǔ)油罐區(qū)火災(zāi)事故調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),伴隨著火災(zāi)的進(jìn)行,油罐罐頂會(huì)發(fā)生破裂,其中頂部被完全掀開的約占實(shí)際油罐火災(zāi)總案例的40%,還存在頂部被部分掀開等情況,因此本文對(duì)有風(fēng)條件下不同開口模式的油罐火災(zāi)燃燒特性進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,通過小尺寸實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M實(shí)際油罐發(fā)生火災(zāi)的不同工況,研究油罐火的燃燒特性及圖像參數(shù),實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)定各種工況下如：兩種液位、不同開口因子下、不同的風(fēng)速對(duì)燃燒參量如燃燒速率、輻射分?jǐn)?shù)、火焰溫度、以及圖像參量(火焰傾角、火焰長(zhǎng)度、火焰高度)的影響規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究及分析。 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)定油罐高10cm,直徑為15cm。為了更好模擬實(shí)際油罐發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)頂部不同掀開情況,本文設(shè)計(jì)了5種罐頂開口因子,分別為1、3/4開口因子、1/2開口因子、1/4開口因子和1/8開口因子(開口因子指開口面積與全開口面積之比)。并且為了模擬不同儲(chǔ)油條件下油罐火燃燒特性,實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)兩種液位(6cm和8cm)。而圍繞外界風(fēng)對(duì)油罐火燃燒參數(shù)及圖像特征的影響研究,本文設(shè)定多種風(fēng)速情況(0m/s、0.5m/s、1.0m/s、1.5m/s、2.0m/s、2.5m/s),實(shí)驗(yàn)在中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)火災(zāi)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室風(fēng)洞平臺(tái)進(jìn)行,采用電子天平實(shí)時(shí)采集燃料質(zhì)量變化數(shù)據(jù),溫度數(shù)據(jù)使用鎧裝熱電偶采集,利用輻射熱流計(jì)測(cè)得火焰上風(fēng)處和下風(fēng)處輻射通量,火焰圖像數(shù)據(jù)使用DV攝像機(jī)進(jìn)行采集,并進(jìn)行處理分析。 不同開口大小影響油罐火的發(fā)展過程,為了定性研究開口因子對(duì)油罐火燃燒特性的影響,建立無量綱參數(shù)開口因子,對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理分析,建立開口因子和油罐火燃燒速率之間的關(guān)系式,及開口因子與無量綱火焰高度及火焰長(zhǎng)度之間的擬合關(guān)系,得到開口因子對(duì)油罐火燃燒特性和圖像參數(shù)的影響規(guī)律。對(duì)兩種液位下油罐火燃燒特性和圖像參數(shù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得到液位與燃燒過程中各種參數(shù)之間的變化規(guī)律。有風(fēng)條件下火焰發(fā)生傾斜,火焰與液面之間的熱量交換、與周圍環(huán)境之間的卷吸及火焰圖像都發(fā)生變化,對(duì)采集到的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理分析,得到風(fēng)速與火焰傾角、無量綱火焰高度之間的擬合關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)風(fēng)速對(duì)火焰的燃燒特性及圖像特征參數(shù)的影響規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the national demand for oil is increasing, all countries speed up oil reserves, China's various regions of oil products quantity is also increasing rapidly. How to increase oil reserves and security problems should be solved and studied. The tank itself has oil storage of flammable, explosive and other characteristics, so the oil tank area once the fire will not be extinguished, not only will cause great economic losses to the country, but also the safety of personnel, causing a serious threat to environmental safety. Because the oil storage tank area in general outdoor construction, the actual fire occurs, the natural environment will affect the speed of fire, the flame tilt of adjacent tank radiation, steam flow will be change the flame and the surrounding environment to strengthen the strength of the entrainment, accelerating the spread of fire. The current research on the oil tank fire mainly in no wind condition, therefore It is urgent to study the combustion characteristics of the oil tank under the condition of wind, and provide the theoretical basis for the actual oil tank fire fighting and the prevention and control.
According to the actual storage tank fire accident investigation, accompanied by fire, oil tank can rupture, the top is fully opened about 40% of the total actual tank fire case, there is the top part opened etc., so the wind conditions are not the same opening mode of tank fire combustion characteristics experiments were carried out under different conditions, the actual tank fire simulation through small scale experiments, combustion characteristics and image parameters of oil tank fire, the experiment set under various conditions such as: two level, different opening factor under different wind velocity on combustion parameters such as burning rate, radiation fraction, flame temperature, and image parameters (flame angle, flame length and flame height) effects were studied and analyzed.
The experimental setting tank height 10cm, diameter of 15cm. in order to better simulate the actual tank fire at the top of the lift, this paper designed 5 kinds of roof opening factor, respectively 1,3/4 opening factor, 1/2 opening factor, 1/4 factor and 1/8 factor (opening opening opening factor refers to the opening area and open area ratio). And in order to simulate the different storage conditions of oil tank fire combustion, experimental design of two level (6cm and 8cm). And Research on the influence of wind on the tank fire parameters and image features, this paper set a variety of wind conditions (0m/s, 0.5m/s, 1.0m/s, 1.5m/s, 2.0m/s, 2.5m/s). The experiment was performed at the State Key Laboratory University of Science & Technology China wind tunnel fire platform, the real-time data acquisition of electronic balance fuel quality change, temperature data using armored thermocouple acquisition, using the radiometer measured upwind and downwind of the flame The radiant flux, the flame image data are collected by the DV camera and processed and analyzed.
Different opening size affect the development process of oil tank fire, in order to investigate the opening factor effect on the combustion characteristics of oil tank fire, a dimensionless parameter opening factor, analyzing the experimental data, to establish the relationship between opening factor and tank fire burning rate, fitting and the relationship between the opening factor and the dimensionless flame height and flame length the influence of factors on the combustion characteristics and regularity of the opening image parameter storage tank fire. A comparative analysis of the two kinds of liquid level of tank fire combustion characteristics and image parameters variation between various parameters and liquid level in the combustion process. Under the condition of flame tilt and surface heat exchange between the flame and the surrounding. The environment between the entrainment and flame image changes, analyzing the experimental data collected, wind speed and flame angle, dimensionless flame The fitting relationship between the height and the influence of wind speed on the combustion characteristics of the flame and the characteristic parameters of the image is found.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE88;TQ038

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