發(fā)布時間：2018-08-14 14:14

【摘要】：堆肥是有效處理農(nóng)業(yè)廢物的生物技術(shù)之一,通過堆肥技術(shù)將稻草秸稈制成有機肥是解決秸稈過剩的有效手段。堆肥過程中的氮素損失及其控制受到了國內(nèi)外越來越多學者的關(guān)注,反硝化作用是造成堆肥化過程氮素損失的重要原因之一。堆肥添加劑常被用于控制堆肥過程氮素損失。多數(shù)國內(nèi)外關(guān)于堆肥過程中控制氮素損失研究多關(guān)注其效果,但是較少涉及控制措施所導致的堆肥過程中氮素轉(zhuǎn)化微生物的動態(tài)變化,因此揭示堆肥過程中氮素轉(zhuǎn)化微生物學機理對開發(fā)新型高效堆肥保氮技術(shù)具有重要的指導作用。硝化抑制劑是一類化合物,因其對氮素轉(zhuǎn)化的調(diào)節(jié)作用被廣泛應(yīng)用到土壤中用以提高氮肥的利用效率。近年來有學者研究在堆肥中添加硝化抑制劑作為調(diào)節(jié)氮素轉(zhuǎn)化、減少氮素損失的措施,但關(guān)于硝化抑制劑對堆肥系統(tǒng)中反硝化微生物的影響還沒有得到深入的研究。本試驗以秸稈等農(nóng)業(yè)廢物為主要原料,添加硝化抑制劑雙氰胺(Dicyandiamide,DCD)進行靜態(tài)好氧堆肥試驗,設(shè)置相同堆肥條件不添加DCD作為空白對照,分析了堆肥過程中各個時期不同處理的p H值、NH+4-N濃度、NO-3-N濃度和水溶性有機碳(WSC)理化參數(shù)的變化趨勢,并應(yīng)用實時定量聚合酶鏈式反應(yīng)(real-time q PCR)技術(shù)對參與反硝化過程的功能基因(nir K、nir S和nos Z)豐度隨時間的變化情況進行了研究。結(jié)果表明,添加DCD明顯地改變了堆肥過程的氮素轉(zhuǎn)化,兩組堆肥樣品的pH值、NH_4~+-N濃度、NO_3~--N濃度有顯著差異(p0.001),WSC的降解過程受DCD的影響較小。nir K基因?qū)CD的響應(yīng)最顯著,DCD處理組的nir K基因豐度在整個堆肥過程中都維持在較低的水平,明顯低于對照組。兩組堆肥樣品的nir S和nos Z基因在不同的時期達到峰值,且隨時間變化明顯。通過冗余分析得出DCD是影響nir K基因豐度的顯著因子,WSC和NO-3 N濃度對反硝化基因豐度有著顯著的影響(p0.05)。兩組堆肥樣品性質(zhì)的差異是造成反硝化功能基因nir S和nos Z豐度變化的一個重要原因。
[Abstract]:Composting is one of the biotechnologies for the effective treatment of agricultural waste. Composting straw into organic manure is an effective way to solve the straw surplus. More and more scholars at home and abroad pay attention to nitrogen loss and its control in composting process. Denitrification is one of the important reasons for nitrogen loss in composting process. Composting additives are often used to control nitrogen loss during composting. Most of the studies on nitrogen loss control in composting process have focused on its effect, but less on the dynamic changes of nitrogen transformation microorganisms in composting process caused by control measures. Therefore, revealing the microbiological mechanism of nitrogen transformation in composting process plays an important role in the development of new and efficient composting technology for nitrogen conservation. Nitrification inhibitors are a class of compounds, which are widely used in soil to improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen because of their regulation of nitrogen conversion. In recent years, some scholars have studied the addition of nitrification inhibitors in compost as a measure to regulate nitrogen conversion and reduce nitrogen loss. However, the effect of nitrification inhibitors on denitrification microorganisms in compost system has not been deeply studied. The static aerobic composting experiment was carried out by adding dicyandiamide (Dicyandiamide DCD), a nitrification inhibitor, using straw and other agricultural wastes as the main raw materials. The same composting conditions were not added with DCD as the blank control. The changing trend of pH value and NH _ 4-N concentration and the physicochemical parameters of water-soluble organic carbon (WSC) during composting were analyzed. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time q PCR) was used to study the changes of nir Kir S and nos Z) abundance over time. The results showed that the addition of DCD significantly changed the nitrogen conversion during composting. The pH value of the two groups of compost samples was significantly different (p0.001) the degradation process of the DCD was less affected by the response of the DCD gene to DCD. The abundance of nir K gene in the DCD-treated group was maintained at a lower level during the whole composting process. Significantly lower than the control group. The nir S and nos Z genes of the two groups of compost samples reached the peak at different periods and changed obviously with time. The results of redundancy analysis showed that DCD was a significant factor affecting the abundance of nir K gene. WSC and NO-3 N concentration had significant effects on denitrification gene abundance (p0.05). The difference of properties between the two groups of compost samples is an important reason for the variation of the denitrification function genes nir S and nos Z abundance.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4;X71

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 夏蕓;林輝;王強;馬軍偉;葉靜;符建榮;;有機生活垃圾堆肥中物質(zhì)組分減量差異及變化規(guī)律[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學學報;2014年12期

2 張苗苗;沈菊培;賀紀正;張麗梅;;硝化抑制劑的微生物抑制機理及其應(yīng)用[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學學報;2014年11期

3 張少鵬;胥婷;楊麗強;宋宇;李新宇;張惠文;;不同草原類型針茅根部內(nèi)生真菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學報;2014年12期

4 曾希柏;王亞男;王玉忠;白玲玉;李蓮芳;段然;蘇世鳴;吳翠霞;;施肥對設(shè)施菜地nirK型反硝化細菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)和豐度的影響[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學報;2014年02期

5 Yiming Luo;Guoxue Li;Wenhai Luo;Frank Schuchardt;Tao Jiang;Degang Xu;;Effect of phosphogypsum and dicyandiamide as additives on NH_3,N_2O and CH_4 emissions during composting[J];Journal of Environmental Sciences;2013年07期

6 賀紀正;張麗梅;;土壤氮素轉(zhuǎn)化的關(guān)鍵微生物過程及機制[J];微生物學通報;2013年01期

7 楊揚;孟德龍;秦紅靈;吳敏娜;朱亦君;魏文學;;硝化抑制劑對蔬菜土硝化和反硝化細菌的影響[J];生態(tài)學報;2012年21期

8 白雪;夏宗偉;郭彥玲;張穎;徐慧;王振宇;;硝化抑制劑對不同旱地農(nóng)田土壤N_2O排放的影響[J];生態(tài)學雜志;2012年09期

9 鄭燕;侯海軍;秦紅靈;朱亦君;魏文學;;施氮對水稻土N_2O釋放及反硝化功能基因(narG/nosZ)豐度的影響[J];生態(tài)學報;2012年11期

10 趙秀玲;朱新萍;羅艷麗;余雄;賈宏濤;海熱古麗;;不同通氣量對牛糞好氧堆肥的影響[J];新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報;2012年01期

，

本文編號：2183115