本文選題：北京 + 采暖期�。� 參考：《生態(tài)環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào)》2016年11期

【摘要】：北京采暖期空氣污染較非采暖期嚴(yán)重得多,但目前針對(duì)采暖期北京城市上風(fēng)向、下風(fēng)向、中心區(qū)和主干道路等典型人類(lèi)活動(dòng)區(qū)域的主要污染物濃度特征及其受氣象條件變化影響的研究還比較缺乏,為了摸清北京市采暖期不同典型區(qū)域大氣污染特征,更有針對(duì)性地制定環(huán)境空氣污染防治對(duì)策,利用2014年采暖期首月(11月15日—12月14日)北京市北郊(八達(dá)嶺)、南郊(永樂(lè)店)、城市中心區(qū)(天壇)、城市交通干道(永定門(mén)內(nèi)大街)等典型區(qū)域的PM_(2.5)、SO_2、NO_x、O_3質(zhì)量濃度監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)和氣象數(shù)據(jù),分析4類(lèi)代表性區(qū)域的環(huán)境空氣污染特征和時(shí)空變化情況。結(jié)果表明,PM_(2.5)是各區(qū)域冬季主要污染物,日均質(zhì)量濃度在61.75~143.81μg?m-3,總體空間分布狀況為南郊最嚴(yán)重、城市交通干道和城市中心區(qū)次之、北郊的PM_(2.5)污染最輕,除北郊外其余監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)ρ(PM_(2.5))均超過(guò)二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值。各區(qū)域的主要污染物略有不同,其中北郊ρ(SO_2)較其他區(qū)域高,白天12:00時(shí)最低(29.09μg?m-3),夜晚18:00—次日01:00持續(xù)居高(58.8~63.19μg?m-3),這與燃煤采暖等人類(lèi)活動(dòng)規(guī)律一致;南郊以PM_(2.5)、NO_x混合型污染為主;城市交通干道附近ρ(NO_x)和ρ(O_3)較高,表明局地光化學(xué)反應(yīng)NO_x-O_3生消機(jī)制作用明顯,污染物濃度變化與人類(lèi)出行時(shí)間一致。氣象條件對(duì)不同污染物濃度的影響存在差異,微風(fēng)無(wú)持續(xù)風(fēng)向、大氣擴(kuò)散條件較差時(shí),PM_(2.5)呈現(xiàn)不斷累積狀態(tài),SO_2、NO_x和O_3累積效應(yīng)不明顯,但其單日質(zhì)量濃度峰值顯著增加;北風(fēng)和微風(fēng)反復(fù)交替、大氣擴(kuò)散條件總體較好時(shí),各監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的SO_2、NO_x受地區(qū)性污染源排放影響波動(dòng)不大,隨擴(kuò)散條件轉(zhuǎn)差南郊ρ(PM_(2.5))會(huì)迅速增加。城市交通干道機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)排放典型污染物ρ(NO_x)及其二次污染物ρ(O_3)隨著氣象條件變化其峰值在日內(nèi)變化顯著。
[Abstract]:The air pollution during heating period in Beijing is much more serious than that in non-heating period, but at present, in view of wind direction up and down wind direction in Beijing city during heating period, In order to find out the characteristics of air pollution in different typical regions during heating period in Beijing, the study on the main pollutant concentration characteristics and their effects on meteorological conditions in typical human activity areas, such as central area and trunk road, is still lacking. To formulate more targeted measures for the prevention and control of environmental air pollution, In this paper, we use the mass concentration of PMP2.5C / SO2NOxSHAO3 in typical areas of Beijing in the first month of the heating period 2014 (November 15-December 14) in the northern suburb of Beijing (Badaling County), the southern suburb (Yongle Dianjiao), the central city (Temple of Heaven), the urban traffic trunk road (Yongdingmen inner street), and so on. Monitoring data and meteorological data, The environmental air pollution characteristics and temporal and spatial variations of the four representative regions were analyzed. The results showed that the average daily mass concentration of the main pollutant in winter was 61.75 ~ 143.81 渭 g / m ~ (-3). The spatial distribution was the most serious in the southern suburb, followed by the urban traffic trunk road and the urban central district, and the pollution was the least in the northern suburb. All the monitoring sites except in the northern suburb are above the second class standard limit. The main pollutants in each region are slightly different, among which 蟻 _ (2) in the northern suburb is higher than that in other regions, with a minimum of 29.09 渭 g / m ~ (-3) at 12:00 in the daytime, and 58.8m ~ (-3) 渭 g 路m ~ (-3) at 1800-01:00, which is consistent with the rules of human activities such as coal burning, heating, etc. The results show that the mechanism of local photochemical reaction (NO_x-O_3) is obvious, and the change of pollutant concentration is consistent with human travel time. The influence of meteorological conditions on the concentration of different pollutants is different. There is no sustained wind direction in the breeze, and when the atmospheric diffusion condition is poor, the PMSP / T _ (2.5) presents a continuous cumulative state. The cumulative effects of so _ 2O _ (2) O _ (3) and O _ (3) are not obvious, but the peak value of single day mass concentration increases significantly. When the north wind and breeze are alternated repeatedly and the atmospheric diffusion conditions are generally good, so _ 2no _ x of the monitoring points does not fluctuate as a result of regional pollution source emissions, but increases rapidly with the variation of diffusion conditions in the southern suburb of 蟻 ~ (2. 5). With the change of meteorological conditions, the peak value of motor vehicle emission from urban traffic trunk roads is significantly different in the day with the change of meteorological conditions.
【作者單位】： 交通運(yùn)輸部科學(xué)研究院;長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：中央級(jí)公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(20150602;20160609) 陜西省科技統(tǒng)籌創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目(2012KTZB03-01-01)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X51

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