本文選題：元上都遺址區(qū) + 生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文選取元上都遺址作為典型草原文化遺址研究區(qū),不僅由于元上都是我國保存最完整的草原都城和世界文化遺產(chǎn),更重要的是作為蒙元文化的代表,近年來區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境受人為和自然因素的影響在加劇。因此,對元上都遺址進行生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價是保護和傳承草原文化遺址的關(guān)鍵,以便科學(xué)合理開發(fā)與保護遺址區(qū)。文章基于1985a、 2000a、2005a、2010a四期遙感影像資料,界定了評價范圍,對主要風(fēng)險源進行了調(diào)查與分析,構(gòu)建了元上都遺址生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價指標(biāo)體系,采用模糊綜合評價法計算得出1985a、2000a、2005a、2010a的綜合風(fēng)險度量值。通過繪制研究區(qū)區(qū)域風(fēng)險等級圖,得出區(qū)域風(fēng)險空間分布并提出相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險管理與防控對策。具體研究結(jié)果表明：(1)針對草原文化遺址地的自然生態(tài)環(huán)境,景觀分類劃分為：草地、林地、耕地、沙地、水域、居民點、貧瘠荒地等7個類型；其中耕地面積、林地面積、居民用地面積呈增加趨勢,林地面積25年間增長了85 km2,年均增加3.4 km2；而耕地面積增加了488 km2,年均增加了19.01 km2,增幅較顯著;沙地面積呈先增加后減少的變化趨勢,共減少了250 km2,草地面積總體減少了100.77 km2。(2)確定自然類主要風(fēng)險源為：氣溫、降水、水土流失；人為風(fēng)險源為：旅游開發(fā)、農(nóng)牧業(yè)開發(fā)、工礦業(yè)開發(fā)、水資源開發(fā)、城鎮(zhèn)化擴張以及道路修建。氣候總體變化呈暖干化趨勢；氣溫與耕地、沙地、水域面積負(fù)相關(guān)較大,與鹽堿地面積正相關(guān)較大;而降水量與林地、居民用地正相關(guān)較大。(3)基于生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價與PSY模型,構(gòu)建了草原文化遺址元上都生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價指標(biāo)體系,分為目標(biāo)層、準(zhǔn)則層、要素層、指標(biāo)層等4個層次,共計14個指標(biāo)；應(yīng)用模糊綜合評價法,得出不同時期元上都遺址地區(qū)域生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價矩,其中1985、2000年為Ⅱ級風(fēng)險,2005、2010年為Ⅲ級風(fēng)險,生態(tài)風(fēng)險整體呈上升趨勢,整體生態(tài)風(fēng)險屬于中等偏低水平。(4)通過2010年風(fēng)險圖的繪制,得出區(qū)域生態(tài)風(fēng)險分布規(guī)律,整體風(fēng)險分布不均勻,并將風(fēng)險區(qū)劃分為5個風(fēng)險等級。其中,高風(fēng)險區(qū)分布在城市化水平較高的上都鎮(zhèn)、五一種蓄場、黑城子、渾善達克沙地以及沿閃電河流域呈帶狀分布,景觀類型主要以農(nóng)村居民點、工礦業(yè)、旅游點為主。基于風(fēng)險等級及其分布,為元上都遺址保護地的景觀生態(tài)建設(shè)提供合理建議與相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險管理對策,并為研究區(qū)區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善與維護提供理論指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:This article chooses the Yuan Shangdu site as the typical grassland cultural site research area, not only because Yuan Shang is the most complete grassland capital and the world cultural heritage of our country, but also as the representative of the Mongolian and Yuan culture. In recent years, the impact of human and natural factors on the regional ecological environment is increasing. Therefore, the ecological risk assessment of the site is the key to protect and inherit the grassland cultural sites in order to develop and protect the sites scientifically and rationally. Based on the remote sensing image data of 1985a, 2000a/ 2005a/ 2010a, this paper defines the scope of evaluation, investigates and analyzes the main risk sources, and constructs the ecological risk evaluation index system of Yuanshangdu site. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to calculate the comprehensive risk measurement value of 1985a / 2005a / 2005a / 2010a. By drawing the regional risk grade map of the research area, the spatial distribution of regional risk is obtained and the corresponding countermeasures of risk management and prevention and control are put forward. The results show that the landscape classification is divided into seven types: grassland, woodland, cultivated land, sandy land, water area, residential area, barren wasteland, etc. The area of residential land increased by 85 km ~ 2 in 25 years, and increased by 3.4 km ~ 2 per year, while that of cultivated land increased by 488 km ~ (2) and increased by 19.01 km ~ (2) a year, while the area of sandy land increased first and then decreased. The main natural risk sources are: air temperature, precipitation, soil erosion, human risk sources: tourism development, agriculture and animal husbandry development, industrial and mining industry development, water resources development. Urbanization and road construction. The overall change of climate is warm and dry, the temperature is negatively correlated with cultivated land, sandy land and water area, and is positively correlated with saline-alkali land area, while precipitation is positively correlated with woodland and residential land area, based on ecological risk assessment and PSY model. The evaluation index system of ecological risk in Yuan Shangdu of grassland cultural sites is constructed, which is divided into four levels: target layer, criterion layer, element layer and index layer. The ecological risk assessment moments in different periods of Yuan Shangdu site are obtained. Among them, in 1985,2000 it is grade 鈪，

本文編號：1809189