本文選題：空間插值　切入點：河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)特征的研究是在地理空間上進(jìn)行不同河段特征的差異分析,隨著統(tǒng)計分析軟件的不斷發(fā)展,空間插值技術(shù)得以實現(xiàn)。但插值技術(shù)仍呈現(xiàn)插值對象角度單一、數(shù)據(jù)源質(zhì)量要求高等問題。如何應(yīng)用開源的統(tǒng)計軟件建立適合在河流上廣泛應(yīng)用的插值處理方法是本文研究的主要研究問題。遼河流域是我國7大河流之一,近年來,隨人口增長,逐漸出現(xiàn)水資源過渡利用、水質(zhì)污染、珍稀水生生物滅絕等嚴(yán)重問題。本文通過全流域大指標(biāo)量的空間插值,分析遼河流域理化現(xiàn)狀,分別對遼河的兩大流域進(jìn)行河流分類處理,有利于遼河流域進(jìn)行科學(xué)性的分區(qū)、分級管理,并提出有效措施加以保護及改善。本文研究主要內(nèi)容包括以下幾部分:(1)在系統(tǒng)歸納總結(jié)國內(nèi)外有關(guān)河流分類研究的基礎(chǔ)上,分析現(xiàn)有河流分類體系和方法。提出現(xiàn)有的河流分類體系的不足之處:即研究尺度多停留在流域和樣點尺度上難以更微觀更系統(tǒng)的研究河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng);研究角度過于單一沒有從多學(xué)科背景下綜合分析進(jìn)行河流分類管理。本文的意義在于使用新的空間插值方法,使得基于河段尺度上的多角度河流分析、分類得以實現(xiàn)。(2)建立空間插值方法,針對遼河流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)特征,根據(jù)現(xiàn)有地理空間處理軟件(Arc GIS)及統(tǒng)計軟件(R)特征性能,形成了應(yīng)用在河段尺度上的空間插值方法。應(yīng)用Arc GIS進(jìn)行河流、樣點及隨機點數(shù)據(jù)的預(yù)處理,生成可供R調(diào)用的SSN包,進(jìn)行河段數(shù)據(jù)插值。(3)對東、西遼河和遼河干流流域及渾太河流域進(jìn)行生態(tài)環(huán)境特征分析,將水體物理化學(xué)指標(biāo)、水化營養(yǎng)鹽指標(biāo)、河流生境指標(biāo)及水生生物指標(biāo)分別進(jìn)行插值處理。根據(jù)各指標(biāo)間理化關(guān)系,探索河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康發(fā)展的主導(dǎo)因子。(4)對東、西遼河和遼河干流流域及渾太河流域數(shù)據(jù)分別進(jìn)行聚類分析,并列表展示各河流分類單元的主導(dǎo)功能。擬為遼河流域分區(qū)管理提供科學(xué)理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The study of river ecosystem features is to analyze the differences of different river reach characteristics in geographical space. With the continuous development of statistical analysis software, spatial interpolation technology is realized, but interpolation technology still presents a single angle of interpolation object. How to use the open source statistical software to establish the interpolation processing method suitable for wide application on rivers is the main research problem in this paper. Liaohe River Basin is one of the seven major rivers in China in recent years. With the increase of population, serious problems such as water resources utilization, water pollution, rare aquatic organisms extinction and so on appear gradually. This paper analyzes the physical and chemical status of Liaohe river basin by spatial interpolation of large index quantity. The classification of the two major river basins in the Liaohe River Basin is beneficial to the scientific division and management of the Liaohe River Basin. And put forward effective measures to protect and improve. The main contents of this paper include the following parts: 1) on the basis of systematically summing up the research on the classification of rivers at home and abroad, This paper analyzes the existing river classification system and methods, and points out the shortcomings of the existing river classification system: that is, it is difficult to study the river ecosystem more microscopically and systematically on the scale of river basin and sample point; The significance of this paper is to use a new spatial interpolation method to make multi-angle river analysis based on the scale of river reach. According to the characteristics of the ecosystem of Liaohe River Basin, according to the characteristics of the existing geospatial processing software Arc GISand the statistical software, the method of spatial interpolation is established. The spatial interpolation method applied to the river reach scale is formed. Using Arc GIS to preprocess the data of the river, sample points and random points, to generate the SSN package that can be called by R, and to carry out the interpolation of the river reach data. The ecological and environmental characteristics of the West Liaohe River, Liaohe main River Basin and Huantai River Basin were analyzed, and the physical and chemical indexes of water body, the hydration nutrition salt index, The river habitat index and aquatic biological index were interpolated respectively. According to the physicochemical relationship among the indexes, the main factor of the healthy development of river ecosystem was explored. The data of West Liaohe River, Liaohe main River Basin and Huantai River Basin are analyzed by cluster analysis, and the dominant functions of each river classification unit are shown in parallel table, which is intended to provide scientific theoretical basis for the zonal management of Liaohe River Basin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X143

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本文編號：1587290