功能化氧化石墨烯改性的聚醚砜基復(fù)合質(zhì)子交換膜的制備及性能研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-06-19 04:43
【摘要】:燃料電池(Fuel Cell)是一種可以將存在于燃料與氧化劑中的化學(xué)能直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的發(fā)電裝置,具有能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率高,環(huán)境親和性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。燃料電池一般由電極、電解質(zhì)隔膜和集電器等構(gòu)成,其中電解質(zhì)隔膜是燃料電池中的核心部件,因此,它的性質(zhì)的好壞直接影響燃料電池的性能。在燃料電池中,質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池(PEMFC)使用的較為普遍,因?yàn)橘|(zhì)子交換膜(PEM)是PEMFC的核心部件,因此,使用性能較好的PEM是非常重要的。目前,美國(guó)杜邦公司生產(chǎn)的Nafion膜是應(yīng)用比較廣泛的一種PEM,這種膜有較高的質(zhì)子傳導(dǎo)率和較好的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但同樣存在一些弊端,如:成本較高、操作溫度不能超過80℃、較高的甲醇滲透率等。針對(duì)這些弊端,磺化芳香族主鏈聚合物因其具備較好的熱穩(wěn)定性和化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性等綜合性能,而開始廣泛地在燃料電池中被研究。在多種質(zhì)子交換膜中,有機(jī)-無機(jī)復(fù)合質(zhì)子交換膜近年來受到了普遍的關(guān)注,主要體現(xiàn)在無機(jī)粒子的加入能夠提高膜的機(jī)械性能,熱穩(wěn)定性,減小膜的溶脹,有時(shí)還可以提高質(zhì)子傳輸?shù)取1菊撐牡难芯恐饕性诶霉δ芑趸└男跃酆衔镫娊赓|(zhì)構(gòu)筑有機(jī)-無機(jī)復(fù)合質(zhì)子交換膜,并對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)和性能進(jìn)行表征,具體包括以下兩個(gè)部分工作:一、首次通過可逆加成-斷裂鏈轉(zhuǎn)移聚合(RAFT)制備了磺化聚苯乙烯刷接枝的氧化石墨烯(SPB-FGO),并將其引入到磺化聚醚砜基質(zhì)中構(gòu)筑了一系列復(fù)合質(zhì)子交換膜。我們對(duì)SPB-FGO和不同SPB-FGO摻雜量的復(fù)合膜的性能進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究。結(jié)果顯示,復(fù)合膜的一些性能,如:質(zhì)子傳導(dǎo)率、熱穩(wěn)定性、機(jī)械穩(wěn)定性和抗氧化穩(wěn)定性能都較純膜提高了很多,同時(shí),復(fù)合膜的甲醇滲透率要低于純膜的。2 wt% SPB-FGO摻雜量的復(fù)合膜在25℃下的質(zhì)子傳導(dǎo)率將近是純膜的2倍。我們的研究表明引入適量的SPB-FGO可以提高質(zhì)子交換膜的綜合性能,這為有機(jī)-無機(jī)復(fù)合膜的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)筑開辟了新思路。二、基于磺化聚醚砜(SPES)的-S03H與季銨鹽化氧化石墨烯(QGO)中的季銨鹽基團(tuán)之間的相互作用,構(gòu)筑了一系列離子交聯(lián)型復(fù)合質(zhì)子交換膜。SPES/QGO復(fù)合膜與純膜相比具有較好的抗氧化性和機(jī)械性能;同時(shí),復(fù)合膜的溶脹率、吸水率和甲醇滲透率都較純膜降低了很多,特別是復(fù)合膜SPES-10-QGO表現(xiàn)出了最低的溶脹率和吸水率。此外,隨著QGO的引入使得復(fù)合膜的質(zhì)子傳導(dǎo)率下降,但在800C的條件下復(fù)合膜SPES-10-QGO的質(zhì)子傳導(dǎo)率仍然可以到達(dá)0.0185 S cm-1。SPES-QGO離子交聯(lián)膜具有很好的綜合性能,因此可以作為很有潛能的質(zhì)子交換膜材料。
[Abstract]:Fuel cell (Fuel Cell) is a kind of power generation device which can directly convert the chemical energy existing in fuel and oxidant into electric energy. It has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency and good environmental affinity. Fuel cell is generally composed of electrode, electrolyte diaphragm and collector, in which electrolyte diaphragm is the core component of fuel cell, therefore, its properties directly affect the performance of fuel cell. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is widely used in fuel cells. Because proton exchange membrane (PEM) is the core component of PEMFC, it is very important to use PEM with good performance. At present, the Nafion membrane produced by DuPont Company in the United States is a widely used PEM, membrane, which has the advantages of high proton conductivity and good chemical stability, but it also has some disadvantages, such as high cost, operating temperature can not exceed 80 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2502100
[Abstract]:Fuel cell (Fuel Cell) is a kind of power generation device which can directly convert the chemical energy existing in fuel and oxidant into electric energy. It has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency and good environmental affinity. Fuel cell is generally composed of electrode, electrolyte diaphragm and collector, in which electrolyte diaphragm is the core component of fuel cell, therefore, its properties directly affect the performance of fuel cell. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is widely used in fuel cells. Because proton exchange membrane (PEM) is the core component of PEMFC, it is very important to use PEM with good performance. At present, the Nafion membrane produced by DuPont Company in the United States is a widely used PEM, membrane, which has the advantages of high proton conductivity and good chemical stability, but it also has some disadvantages, such as high cost, operating temperature can not exceed 80 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2502100
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