本文選題：(VO2)　切入點：(V2O3)　出處：《黑龍江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,由于溫室氣體環(huán)境效應(yīng)、能源安全以及不斷增長的以礦物燃料為基礎(chǔ)的能源價格等問題受到了人類的廣泛關(guān)注,可再生能源的開發(fā)利用與能量儲存再度引領(lǐng)了科學(xué)研究的方向。釩氧化物催化劑因其中心元素釩價態(tài)變化過程中產(chǎn)生的能量轉(zhuǎn)化效應(yīng)使得其具有很多特殊的性質(zhì),因而激發(fā)了人們的研究興趣。但是釩的特殊價態(tài)化合物在空氣中不易穩(wěn)定存在使得對他的研究充滿困難,因此,我們嘗試合成穩(wěn)定的低價態(tài)釩氧化物并引入雜離子來改善其性能,并且對其能量轉(zhuǎn)換性能進行深入研究。本論文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1.利用三聚氰胺還原商用五氧化二釩粉末的方法制備了二氧化釩納米線。以三聚氰胺和商用五氧化二釩粉體為原料,在水溶液中攪拌絡(luò)合后得到前驅(qū)體,經(jīng)過氮氣保護下的煅燒,使五價的釩離子被還原氣氛還原。我們所制備的二氧化釩納米線具有結(jié)晶度高,化學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定的特點,并能在不負載貴金屬助催化劑的條件下進行紫外光照射下裂解水制氫反應(yīng),顯示出較好的性能。2.采用簡單溶劑熱的方法合成了具有一維結(jié)構(gòu)的釩酸鈣。以醋酸鈣和偏釩酸銨分別為鈣源和釩源,用乙二醇作為溶劑和還原劑,對溶劑熱產(chǎn)物進行氮氣保護條件下的煅燒,最終得到釩酸鈣納米棒。該材料負載了5 wt%助催化劑RuO2后,在紫外光照射下可以裂解純水生成氧氣,具有較好的性能。3.采用溶劑熱方法合成了具有海膽狀結(jié)構(gòu)的釩酸鎂微球。以醋酸鎂和偏釩酸銨的乙二醇溶液作為原料,在溶劑熱的過程中發(fā)揮乙二醇的還原性和結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)向作用,將+5價的釩離子還原成較低價態(tài),并形成了海膽狀形貌。經(jīng)過氮氣保護下的煅燒,該形貌得以保持。該材料表現(xiàn)出了較好的鋰離子電池負極性能。4.采用溶劑熱方法合成出具有核殼結(jié)構(gòu)的三氧化二釩微球。以偏釩酸銨和乙二醇為原料,在溶劑熱過程中發(fā)揮了乙二醇的還原性和結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)向作用。該材料作為鋰離子電池負極材料表現(xiàn)出了優(yōu)良的電化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性,也體現(xiàn)出了較好的電化學(xué)容量。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to environmental effects of greenhouse gases, energy security and growing based on fossil fuel energy prices have attracted considerable attention of mankind, the development and utilization of renewable energy and energy storage once again leading the direction of scientific research. The energy conversion effect of vanadium oxide catalyst for change of vanadium valence in the center element in that it has many special properties, which aroused people's interest in the study. But the special valence of vanadium compounds in the air is not easy to make stable full of difficulties in his studies, therefore, we try to synthesize vanadium stable and the introduction of impurity ion to improve its performance, and its energy conversion the performance was studied. The main research contents of this thesis are as follows: the method for reduction of commercial five of two vanadium powder was prepared by using melamine 1. two Vanadium oxide nanowires with melamine and commercial. Five of two vanadium powder as raw material, mixing complex in aqueous solution is obtained after the precursor and calcined under the protection of nitrogen, which is pentavalent vanadium ion reducing atmosphere. Two reduction of vanadium oxide nanowires prepared by us has a high degree of crystallinity, chemical properties stable, and can not supported noble metal catalyst under the condition of water splitting reaction under UV irradiation, showing good performance of.2. calcium vanadate has one-dimensional structure were synthesized by solvothermal method is simple. Using calcium acetate and ammonium metavanadate respectively as calcium source and vanadium source, with ethylene glycol as solvent and reducing agent, calcining the protection of nitrogen under the conditions of hydrothermal products obtained calcium vanadate nanorods. The material load of 5 wt% catalyst RuO2, can generate oxygen gas in the pyrolysis of pure water under UV light out Have a good performance of.3. with sea urchin like structure of magnesium vanadate microspheres were synthesized by solvothermal method. The ethylene glycol magnesium acetate and ammonium metavanadate as raw material, use reduction and structure directing effect of ethylene glycol in the solvothermal process, the vanadium ion +5 price reduction to lower states. And the formation of urchin like morphology. After calcination under nitrogen protection, the morphology is maintained. The material shows a good performance of.4. anode for lithium ion batteries by solvent thermal method to synthesize three oxide core-shell microspheres. With two vanadium and acetic ammonium metavanadate two alcohol as raw materials, reduction of play and the structure directing role of ethylene glycol in the solvothermal process. The material as anode materials for lithium ion batteries exhibit excellent electrochemical stability, but also reflects the good electrochemical capacity.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ135.11
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本文編號：1656806