本文選題：微生物燃料電池　切入點：空氣陰極　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前,人類社會面臨著嚴(yán)峻能源挑戰(zhàn)和環(huán)境問題。人類文明的發(fā)展離不開大量能源資源的利用,發(fā)展所產(chǎn)生的污染又對人類的生存環(huán)境造成了極為嚴(yán)重的破壞。而微生物燃料電池(MFC)技術(shù)的出現(xiàn),為同時解決能源和環(huán)境污染提供了一種新的思路,它能將污水中的化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為可以供生產(chǎn)使用的電能,在凈化環(huán)境的同時也提供了一種綠色能源。然而,MFC技術(shù)自身依舊存在著一些瓶頸,阻礙了這項技術(shù)在工程中的應(yīng)用,如造價高、能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率低、擴大化困難等。針對MFC造價高的問題,本文在傳統(tǒng)的空氣陰極理論和方法的基礎(chǔ)之上,提出了新的空氣陰極制備方式,并對幾種不同的空氣陰極進(jìn)行了討論。本文以“三明治”陰極結(jié)構(gòu)理論為基礎(chǔ),提出了一種活性炭、不銹鋼網(wǎng)及建筑防水透氣膜為材料制作空氣陰極(AC-WBM陰極)的方法,為了探究這種方法的可行性,通過構(gòu)建MFC與傳統(tǒng)碳布陰極(Pt-CC)和兩種鉑碳-不銹鋼網(wǎng)-建筑防水透氣膜陰極(Pt-on-SSM和Pt-on-WBM)進(jìn)行性能對比。以2 g/L乙酸鈉為底物,AC-WBM陰極的最大功率密度達(dá)到了0.96 W/m2,低于Pt-CC陰極的1.30 W/m2。但是鑒于成本比較低,所以認(rèn)為該制備方法有一定的研究價值。在驗證了AC-WBM陰極具有一定的可行性之后,使用了碳黑(CB)-PTFE混合層、聚乙烯薄膜(PE)和熱塑聚氨酯薄膜(TPU)對建筑防水透氣膜進(jìn)行替換,其中,AC-CB陰極和AC-TPU陰極的最大功率密度分別達(dá)到了2.15 W/m2和2.03 W/m2,而相同條件下的Pt-CC陰極只達(dá)到了1.51 W/m2。通過對幾種陰極進(jìn)行綜合比較后,以綜合評價最優(yōu)的AC-TPU陰極利用管式反應(yīng)器進(jìn)行了擴大化實驗。最后,為了探究不同材料陰極對MFC體系中微生物群落的影響,通過Illumina Hi Seq測序平臺進(jìn)行了16S r RNA基因測序,并分析了不同MFC中陰極和陽極上生物群落的差異。陽極上的微生物組成和陰極上的微生物組成具有明顯區(qū)別。陽極上主要的門為Proteobacteria,主要的優(yōu)勢的細(xì)菌為Geobacter屬(38~75%),從陽極生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出各組MFC系統(tǒng)的陽極產(chǎn)電微生物富集情況良好。而不同類型的陰極對陰極上的微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)有著較大的影響。整體來看,不同陰極對于MFC的性能具有一定的影響。
[Abstract]:At present, human society is faced with severe energy challenges and environmental problems. The development of human civilization is inseparable from the use of a large number of energy resources. The pollution caused by the development has caused extremely serious damage to the living environment of human beings, and the emergence of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has provided a new way to solve the pollution of energy and environment at the same time. It can convert the chemical energy in the sewage into electric energy that can be used in production, and it also provides a kind of green energy while purifying the environment. However, there are still some bottlenecks in the MFC technology itself, which hinders the application of the technology in engineering. For example, high cost, low efficiency of energy conversion and difficulty of expansion. In view of the problem of high cost of MFC, this paper puts forward a new method of preparing air cathode based on the traditional air cathode theory and method. Several different kinds of air cathodes are discussed. Based on the theory of "sandwich" cathode structure, a method of making AC-WBM cathode with activated carbon, stainless steel mesh and building waterproof and permeable film is proposed in this paper. To explore the feasibility of this approach, The performance of MFC was compared with that of conventional carbon cloth cathode (Pt-CC) and two kinds of platinum-carbon stainless steel net-building waterproof gas permeable membrane cathode Pt-on-SSM and Pt-on-WBM. the maximum power density of AC-WBM cathode with 2 g / L sodium acetate as substrate was 0.96 W / m ~ 2, which was lower than that of Pt-CC. 1.30W / m2 of the cathode. But given the low cost, After the feasibility of the AC-WBM cathode was verified, the carbon black CB-PTFE mixed layer, polyethylene film and thermoplastic polyurethane film were used to replace the building waterproof gas permeable film. The maximum power density of AC-CB cathode and AC-TPU cathode are 2.15 W / m ~ 2 and 2.03 W / m ~ 2, respectively, while the Pt-CC cathode under the same conditions is only 1.51 W / m ~ (2). In order to explore the effect of cathode materials on microbial community in MFC system, 16s r RNA gene sequencing was carried out by Illumina Hi Seq sequencing platform. The differences of biota on cathode and anode in different MFC were analyzed. The microbial composition on anode and cathode were obviously different. The main gate on anode was Proteobacteria, and the dominant bacteria was Geobacter. The anodic biota structure shows that the anodic electroproducing microorganism is well enriched in each group of MFC system, and the different types of cathode have a great influence on the microbial community structure on the cathode. Different cathodes have a certain effect on the performance of MFC.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703;TM911.45

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本文編號：1642120