發(fā)布時間：2019-01-30 21:13

【摘要】：空間環(huán)境模擬設備是進行衛(wèi)星檢測的重要工具,而其中熱沉部件是實現(xiàn)整個設備模擬冷黑環(huán)境的關鍵部件,工作環(huán)境惡劣,且對工作穩(wěn)定性的要求很高,其材料的選擇與加工工藝一直是國內外研究的熱點問題。論文針對空間模擬室中熱沉結構的特點,設計并實現(xiàn)了適合不銹鋼管-銅翅片組合熱沉結構焊接的自動TIG焊設備,并對焊接工藝方法進行了試驗研究,在檢測分析的基礎上進行了工藝參數優(yōu)化。論文的主要工作如下:(1)選擇合適的不銹鋼和銅翅片材料進行焊接工藝研究,通過對0Cr18Ni9、1Cr18Ni9Ti、紫銅T2、無氧銅TU2四種材料的焊接試驗的焊接缺陷進行比較,不銹鋼0Cr18Ni9與紫銅T2焊后焊接接頭處無明顯焊接裂紋,確定作為熱沉結構材料。針對熱沉結構的焊接特點,研制了一套自動焊裝置,提高了不銹鋼-銅翅片的焊接效率和質量。(2)針對自動焊試驗裝置的技術要求,研制的自動焊裝置系統(tǒng)主要由機械系統(tǒng)、伺服控制系統(tǒng)、氣動控制系統(tǒng)三部分組成。機械系統(tǒng)保證不銹鋼管與銅翅片的緊密貼合,伺服控制系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了焊槍沿直線焊縫的縱向移動,并且可以靈活設定其速度曲線,氣動控制系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了對于工件的矯正、壓緊與拆卸,且過程中平穩(wěn)無沖擊。(3)對焊接電流與焊接速度進行初步匹配試驗,進行優(yōu)化以提高工作效率,確定了焊接電流與焊接速度的匹配值等參數的可選范圍。試驗結果表明,0Cr18Ni9Ti與T2焊接時,焊縫處未出現(xiàn)裂紋,選擇為試驗材料。(4)采用控制變量法設計了焊接工藝試驗,分別研究了焊接電流與焊接速度的匹配組合、焊接角度(焊槍與焊縫的角度)、焊接距離(焊槍嘴與焊縫的距離)對于焊縫成形的影響規(guī)律,利用氦質譜檢漏、X射線探傷、金相組織分析等檢測手段對焊接質量進行了評價,綜合分析、對比之下,得到了優(yōu)化的工藝參數,并進一步制定了加工工藝流程和規(guī)范。本論文研制的自動焊接設備,為以后的工藝試驗提供了很好的平臺,同時對于其他自動化焊接設備也有很好地參考和借鑒意義;本論文所做的工藝試驗及后續(xù)的檢測分析,為進一步深入研究異種金屬焊接尤其是銅鋼焊接打下了較好的基礎;因此,本課題不僅很好地解決了空間環(huán)境模擬設備組合結構形式的熱沉制造難題,也對異種金屬焊接技術的發(fā)展起到了積極的促進作用。
[Abstract]:The space environment simulation equipment is an important tool for satellite detection, and the heat sink component is the key component to realize the simulation of the cold black environment of the whole equipment. The working environment is bad and the requirement of working stability is very high. The selection of materials and processing technology has been a hot issue at home and abroad. According to the characteristics of the heat sink structure in the space simulation chamber, the automatic TIG welding equipment suitable for the welding of stainless steel tube and copper fin composite heat sink structure is designed and realized, and the welding process method is studied experimentally. The process parameters were optimized on the basis of detection and analysis. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the welding process of stainless steel and copper fin is studied. The welding defects of 0Cr18Ni9Cr18Ni9Ti, T2, TU2 are compared. There is no obvious welding crack in the welded joint of stainless steel 0Cr18Ni9 and copper T2 after welding. According to the welding characteristics of heat sink structure, a set of automatic welding device is developed to improve the welding efficiency and quality of stainless steel and copper fin. (2) according to the technical requirements of automatic welding test device, The automatic welding device system is mainly composed of mechanical system, servo control system and pneumatic control system. The mechanical system ensures the tight alignment of stainless steel tube and copper fin. The servo control system realizes the longitudinal movement of the welding gun along the straight line weld, and can set the velocity curve flexibly. The pneumatic control system realizes the correction of the workpiece. Compaction and disassembly, and smooth and no impact during the process. (3) the welding current and welding speed of the preliminary matching test, optimization to improve working efficiency, determine the welding current and welding speed of matching parameters such as the optional range. The test results show that there is no crack in the weld seam of 0Cr18Ni9Ti and T2 welding, so it is selected as the test material. (4) the welding process test is designed by using the control variable method, and the matching combination of welding current and welding speed is studied respectively. The influence of welding angle (angle of welding torch and weld seam), welding distance (distance between welding torch nozzle and weld seam) on weld formation, leak detection by helium mass spectrometry, X-ray flaw detection, The welding quality was evaluated by means of metallographic microstructure analysis. By comprehensive analysis and comparison, the optimized process parameters were obtained, and the process flow and specifications were further developed. The automatic welding equipment developed in this paper provides a good platform for the process test in the future, at the same time, it has a good reference and reference significance for other automatic welding equipment. The process test and subsequent testing and analysis in this paper have laid a good foundation for further research on dissimilar metal welding, especially copper steel welding. Therefore, this subject not only solves the heat sink manufacturing problem of space environment simulation equipment combination structure, but also plays an active role in promoting the development of dissimilar metal welding technology.
【學位授予單位】：國防科學技術大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：V416.8

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本文編號：2418530