本文選題：頭盔顯示系統(tǒng)界面 + 頭盔瞄準具�。� 參考：《東南大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著近年來航空航天技術(shù)和計算技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,戰(zhàn)機的航電系統(tǒng)交互界面已經(jīng)從傳統(tǒng)的模式控制進入了數(shù)字化顯示的視覺信息界面。尤其是戰(zhàn)機頭盔顯示系統(tǒng)(Helmet Mounted Display System, HMDs)界面的應用,對未來戰(zhàn)機系統(tǒng)人機交互提出了更高的要求。HMDs界面不同于傳統(tǒng)航電界面,界面的透視增強、頭盔的跟蹤顯示、信息的動態(tài)呈現(xiàn)、目標的符號標注等方面對界面信息編碼呈現(xiàn)和人機交互提出了極高的設計要求。美國等發(fā)達國家在相關(guān)領域已經(jīng)積累了一定的研究基礎,而我國在航電系統(tǒng)界面的認知問題研究、HMDs界面的信息編碼設計與之存在巨大差距,而基于視覺認知的HMDs界面信息編碼方法研究更是設計領域、工程領域和心理學領域交叉研究的空白點。基于該問題的重要性以及相關(guān)研究匱乏的考慮,本論文以HMDs界面為研究對象,以飛行員視知覺理論為基礎,針對界面的圖標符號編碼、信息布局編碼、色彩編碼等重點問題開展以下研究工作：(1)提出了HMDs界面可視性的基本原則。總結(jié)HMDs界面信息編碼的顯示系統(tǒng)設計參數(shù),重點包括顯示方式、出射光瞳、眼距、視場等。并從飛行員視知覺認知的角度,提出圖標、亮度／對比度、分辨率、字符符號、色彩等方面的HMDs界面信息可視性的基本原則。(2)建立了從飛行員視覺認知到HMDs界面要素的映射關(guān)聯(lián)方法。根據(jù)Shannon信息通訊系統(tǒng)模型、Wickens視覺搜索模型、Endsley的SA理論模型等視知覺分析方法,從界面信息編碼和大腦信息解碼的角度,重點分析信息傳遞過程中所涉及的態(tài)勢感知、選擇性注意、認知負荷等認知問題,總結(jié)HMDs界面設計元素信息編碼與認知機理之間的層次關(guān)系。(3)提出了針對HMDs界面圖標特征、信息布局、界面色彩應用的信息編碼方法和設計原則。全面系統(tǒng)地對不同飛行任務階段飛行員信息需求進行層次劃分。根據(jù)本文提出的視覺認知到設計元素的映射關(guān)聯(lián)理論,采用單探測變化檢測、析因檢測等實驗范式開展了界面圖標特征、告警信息布局、色彩應用等實驗研究。根據(jù)實驗結(jié)果獲取、總結(jié)、提出了關(guān)于HMDs界面圖標特征、信息布局、色彩應用的編碼方法和設計原則。(4)基于本文所提出的由視覺認知到界面信息特征映射的HMDs界面編碼方法,對界面中的高度指示、速度指示、航向指示和姿態(tài)指示等信息要素進行了全新編碼設計,重點優(yōu)化了HMDs界面圖標標注、信息結(jié)構(gòu)布局、背景色彩處理和告警提示方式等。開展了針對設計方案的認知負荷評估實驗,通過眼動跟蹤實驗結(jié)果,驗證了本文提出的編碼方法和設計原則的有效性和可行性。本文的研究為HMDs界面設計提供了信息編碼方法和實驗方法,為HMDs人機交互問題提供了創(chuàng)造性的研究思路。從設計學的角度為提高我國戰(zhàn)機航電系統(tǒng)界面設計水平、增強飛行員認知能力、提高飛行員決策判斷的準確性做出了突出貢獻。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of aerospace technology and computing technology in recent years, the interactive interface of aircraft avionics system has entered the digital display visual information interface from the traditional mode control. Especially, the application of the Helmet Mounted Display System (HMDs) boundary is applied to the human-computer interaction of the future aircraft system. The higher requirements are that the.HMDs interface is different from the traditional avionics interface, the perspective enhancement of the interface, the tracking and display of the helmet, the dynamic presentation of the information, the symbol tagging of the target, and so on, put forward high design requirements for the interface information coding and human-computer interaction. The developed countries such as the United States have accumulated a certain research foundation in the related fields. In our country, there is a huge gap between the design of HMDs interface information coding and the research on the cognitive problem of the interface of avionics system, and the research of HMDs interface information coding based on visual cognition is the blank point in the design field, the field of engineering and the field of psychology. In this paper, we take the HMDs interface as the research object. Based on the theory of visual perception of pilots, the following research work is carried out on the key issues of icon symbol coding, information layout coding, color coding, and so on. (1) the basic principles of HMDs interface visibility are proposed. The design parameters of the display system of HMDs interface information coding are summarized, and the key packages are summarized. The basic principle of visibility of HMDs interface information in the aspects of icon, brightness / contrast, resolution, character symbol, color and so on. (2) a mapping association method from pilot vision recognition to HMDs interface elements is established. Based on Shannon information Information system model, Wickens visual search model, Endsley SA theoretical model and other visual perception analysis methods, from the angle of interface information coding and brain information decoding, focus on the analysis of situation awareness, selective attention and cognitive load involved in the process of information transmission, and summarize the information coding and cognitive machine of HMDs interface design element. The hierarchical relationship between theory. (3) the information coding method and design principle of HMDs interface icon feature, information layout and interface color application are put forward. Test change detection, factorial detection and other experimental paradigms to carry out the interface icon features, alarm information layout, color application and other experimental research. According to the experimental results, summary, and put forward the HMDs interface icon features, information layout, color application coding methods and design principles. (4) based on the visual cognition to the interface letter proposed in this paper The HMDs interface coding method of the interest feature mapping is designed for the information elements such as height indication, speed indication, heading indication and attitude indication in the interface, and the HMDs interface icon tagging, information structure layout, background color processing and warning prompting are optimized. The cognitive load evaluation for the design scheme is carried out. The experimental results show the validity and feasibility of the coding method and design principle proposed in this paper. This study provides information coding and experimental methods for the HMDs interface design, which provides a creative research way for the HMDs human-computer interaction problem. The design level of electric system interface has enhanced the cognitive ability of pilots and made great contribution to improving the accuracy of decision making of pilots.
【學位授予單位】：東南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：V244.3;V243.6
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本文編號：2039277