楚科奇海與北歐海海洋酸化研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-04 15:28
【摘要】：自工業(yè)革命以來,大氣中CO2增長迅速,同時海洋吸收大氣中的CO2,引起海洋酸化。盡管海洋酸化是全球化現(xiàn)象,但是高緯度海域海洋酸化相對低緯度海域更為明顯。北冰洋表層海水p CO2較低,表層水溫較低,夏季海冰融化加劇,都會進一步加劇北冰洋酸化。本文基于中國北極科考數(shù)據(jù)以及CARINA數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù),對北歐海和楚科奇海的海洋酸化狀況進行研究,并使用正交偏最小二乘判別法(OPLS-DA)做相關性分析。得出的結論如下:(1)楚科奇海海洋酸化正在發(fā)生。隨著北極海冰快速退縮,以及無冰期時間的增長,表層海水暴露在高CO2濃度大氣的時間有所增加。楚科奇海北部海域表層水2012年開始出現(xiàn)文石不飽和(Ωarag1)的情況。在楚科奇海次表層水發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個來源不同的Ωarag1的水團,分別是在100 m水深的陸架坡折處的水團,以及陸坡區(qū)200 m深處由白令海和楚科奇海陸架的冬季變性水形成的水團,在1994年兩個水團分界明顯,但是在2008年中國第三次北極科考期間發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個Ωarag1的水團已經(jīng)擴大并相融合成一個更大的Ωarag1的水團,在2012年中國第五次北極科考中又一次觀測到了此情形。此外,從1994年到2012年在表層海水和斷面上的原位p H分布也可以看出海水原位p H正逐漸下降。(2)相比之下,北歐海海洋酸化不明顯。整個海區(qū)都處在文石過飽和狀態(tài),從1993年到2012年的四個航次的觀測文石飽和度最低值為1.77。北歐海深層水是多水團混合而成,深層水的性質幾乎相同,差異不明顯,碳酸鈣飽和度隨深度減小。深層水的文石飽和補償深度約為2000 m,文石飽和補償深度線深度多年都沒有明顯變化。北歐海表層500 m以淺的水團特征明顯,沒有海冰與河流徑流的影響,在夏初格陵蘭海近岸海域存在融冰水的稀釋作用,僅對近岸海域的碳酸鹽系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生影響。(3)兩海區(qū)表層海水海洋酸化的主控因素是生物因素、海水對大氣CO2的吸收能力、溫度和鹽度。初級生產(chǎn)力極高的表層海水具有較高的p H值和Ω,該變化符合“浮游植物—碳酸鹽飽和度”(Phytoplankton Carbonate Saturation State,Phy CASS)模型。楚科奇海夏季時受海冰融水和周邊大陸冰雪融水以及徑流的影響,楚科奇海海洋酸化受生物生產(chǎn)和淡水稀釋影響極大。北歐海水團來源穩(wěn)定,周邊沒有河流徑流,僅有格陵蘭沿岸海域受融冰水稀釋作用影響。(4)隨著北極增溫,北極海冰融化加劇,多年的觀測數(shù)據(jù)顯示:海洋酸化的程度與當年的北冰洋冰情具有明顯的相關關系。2008年和2012年是自1980年以來北極海冰后撤最為嚴重的兩個年份,同時這兩年楚科奇海海洋酸化程度比其他年份更加嚴峻。
[Abstract]:Since the Industrial Revolution, CO2 in the atmosphere has grown rapidly, and the ocean absorbs CO2, from the atmosphere to cause ocean acidification. Although ocean acidification is a global phenomenon, ocean acidification in high latitudes is more obvious than that in lower latitudes. The lower p CO2, lower surface water temperature and higher melting of summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean will further increase the acidification of the Arctic Ocean. Based on the Arctic data of China and the data of CARINA database, this paper studies the ocean acidification in the Nordic Sea and the Chukchi Sea, and uses the orthogonal partial least Squares (OPLS-DA) method to analyze the correlation of the ocean acidification in the Scandinavian Sea and the Chukchi Sea. The conclusions are as follows: (1) ocean acidification is taking place in the Chukchi Sea. With the rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice and the increase of non-glacial time, the time of surface water exposure to high CO2 concentration atmosphere increased. 惟 arag1 began to occur in the surface waters of the northern Chukchi Sea in 2012. Two different 惟 arag1 water masses were found in the subsurface water of the Chukchi Sea. They were water masses at the break of the 100m deep continental shelf, and the water masses formed by the winter denatured water from the Bering Sea and the Chukchi shelf in the 200m depth of the continental slope. The boundary between the two water masses was obvious in 1994, but during the third Arctic expedition in China in 2008, the water masses of the two 惟 arag1 were found to have expanded and merged into a larger 惟 arag1 water mass. This was observed again in 2012 during China's fifth Arctic expedition. In addition, from 1994 to 2012, the distribution of in situ pH in the surface water and section can also be seen to be gradually decreasing. (2) in contrast, acidification in the Nordic Sea is not obvious. The whole sea area is in the state of stone supersaturation, and the lowest value of the observed stone saturation is 1.77 for the four voyages from 1993 to 2012. The deep water of Scandinavian Sea is mixed with many water masses, the properties of deep water are almost the same, the difference is not obvious, and the saturation of calcium carbonate decreases with the depth. The saturation compensation depth of aragonite in deep water is about 2000 m.The depth of saturation compensation line has not changed obviously for many years. The 500 m surface layer of the Nordic Sea is characterized by shallow water masses, and there is no influence of sea ice and river runoff. In the early summer, there is a dilution of melting ice water in the coastal waters of Greenland Sea. (3) the main controlling factors of ocean acidification are biological factors, and the absorption capacity, temperature and salinity of sea water to atmospheric CO2. The surface seawater with high primary productivity has higher pH value and 惟, which accords with the "phytoplankton carbonate saturation" (Phytoplankton Carbonate Saturation State,Phy CASS) model. In summer, the Chukchi Sea is influenced by the melting water of sea ice, the melting water of the surrounding continent and the runoff. The acidification of the sea of Chukchi is greatly affected by biological production and dilution of fresh water. The source of the Nordic seawater mass is stable and there is no river runoff around it. Only the waters off the coast of Greenland are affected by the dilution of melting ice. (4) as the Arctic warms, the melting of the Arctic sea ice intensifies. Years of observations show a clear correlation between ocean acidification and the current Arctic ice situation. 2008 and 2012 were the two most severe recoveries since 1980. At the same time, the Chukchi Sea ocean acidification degree is more severe than other years.
【學位授予單位】：國家海洋局第三海洋研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P734
本文編號：2222585
[Abstract]:Since the Industrial Revolution, CO2 in the atmosphere has grown rapidly, and the ocean absorbs CO2, from the atmosphere to cause ocean acidification. Although ocean acidification is a global phenomenon, ocean acidification in high latitudes is more obvious than that in lower latitudes. The lower p CO2, lower surface water temperature and higher melting of summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean will further increase the acidification of the Arctic Ocean. Based on the Arctic data of China and the data of CARINA database, this paper studies the ocean acidification in the Nordic Sea and the Chukchi Sea, and uses the orthogonal partial least Squares (OPLS-DA) method to analyze the correlation of the ocean acidification in the Scandinavian Sea and the Chukchi Sea. The conclusions are as follows: (1) ocean acidification is taking place in the Chukchi Sea. With the rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice and the increase of non-glacial time, the time of surface water exposure to high CO2 concentration atmosphere increased. 惟 arag1 began to occur in the surface waters of the northern Chukchi Sea in 2012. Two different 惟 arag1 water masses were found in the subsurface water of the Chukchi Sea. They were water masses at the break of the 100m deep continental shelf, and the water masses formed by the winter denatured water from the Bering Sea and the Chukchi shelf in the 200m depth of the continental slope. The boundary between the two water masses was obvious in 1994, but during the third Arctic expedition in China in 2008, the water masses of the two 惟 arag1 were found to have expanded and merged into a larger 惟 arag1 water mass. This was observed again in 2012 during China's fifth Arctic expedition. In addition, from 1994 to 2012, the distribution of in situ pH in the surface water and section can also be seen to be gradually decreasing. (2) in contrast, acidification in the Nordic Sea is not obvious. The whole sea area is in the state of stone supersaturation, and the lowest value of the observed stone saturation is 1.77 for the four voyages from 1993 to 2012. The deep water of Scandinavian Sea is mixed with many water masses, the properties of deep water are almost the same, the difference is not obvious, and the saturation of calcium carbonate decreases with the depth. The saturation compensation depth of aragonite in deep water is about 2000 m.The depth of saturation compensation line has not changed obviously for many years. The 500 m surface layer of the Nordic Sea is characterized by shallow water masses, and there is no influence of sea ice and river runoff. In the early summer, there is a dilution of melting ice water in the coastal waters of Greenland Sea. (3) the main controlling factors of ocean acidification are biological factors, and the absorption capacity, temperature and salinity of sea water to atmospheric CO2. The surface seawater with high primary productivity has higher pH value and 惟, which accords with the "phytoplankton carbonate saturation" (Phytoplankton Carbonate Saturation State,Phy CASS) model. In summer, the Chukchi Sea is influenced by the melting water of sea ice, the melting water of the surrounding continent and the runoff. The acidification of the sea of Chukchi is greatly affected by biological production and dilution of fresh water. The source of the Nordic seawater mass is stable and there is no river runoff around it. Only the waters off the coast of Greenland are affected by the dilution of melting ice. (4) as the Arctic warms, the melting of the Arctic sea ice intensifies. Years of observations show a clear correlation between ocean acidification and the current Arctic ice situation. 2008 and 2012 were the two most severe recoveries since 1980. At the same time, the Chukchi Sea ocean acidification degree is more severe than other years.
【學位授予單位】：國家海洋局第三海洋研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P734
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