本文選題：淺海聲層析 + 射線走時��； 參考：《浙江大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：海洋聲層析是基于聲傳播多途效應的一種觀測物理海洋的方法,常被用于反演大尺度海域的聲速剖面、溫度、鹽度等物理海洋信息。本文分別用射線聲學理論和簡正波理論對波動方程求解,在距離無關(guān)的海洋環(huán)境中,建立基于微擾法建立聲速擾動和傳播時延擾動之間的線性關(guān)系。其中,在基于簡正波理論的聲層析中,本文引入定量描述傳播時延擾動的靈敏度核函數(shù)。靈敏度核是關(guān)于造成傳播時延變化的聲速擾動的三維空間分布,其推導是基于格林函數(shù)的一階玻恩近似,將聲速擾動和時延擾動之間的非線性關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)化為線性。通過繪制靈敏度核函數(shù)的圖像,我們可以得到一個類似于高頻情況下基于射線理論的聲能分布圖,發(fā)現(xiàn)在低頻情況下,傳播時延敏感于聲線周圍的菲涅爾區(qū)的聲速變化,而不是聲線本身的聲速變化。此外,我們還可以知道存在正聲敏性區(qū)域,即經(jīng)過正聲敏性區(qū)域的聲線有正聲速擾動,并且到達波峰的傳播時延變大。之后,聲層析變成了求解觀測方程的逆問題,本文采用正則化約束的最小二乘的方法來反演聲速擾動,在微擾小尺度淺海環(huán)境和有小尺度渦擾動的淺海環(huán)境下分別進行仿真,對比垂直靈敏度核函數(shù)淺海聲層析和射線走時淺海聲層析的反演精度,發(fā)現(xiàn)在小尺度淺海低頻環(huán)境下垂直靈敏度核函數(shù)的反演精度遠高于射線走時方法。最后,本文提出了一種基于浮標的小型海洋聲層析儀,設(shè)計其數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理以及遠距離通信方法,并實驗證明了本文提出的基于浮標實時姿態(tài)的遠距離通信方法的可靠性。
[Abstract]:Ocean acoustic tomography is a physical ocean observation method based on multipath effect of acoustic propagation. It is often used to retrieve physical ocean information such as sound velocity profile temperature salinity and so on. In this paper, the ray acoustics theory and the normal wave theory are used to solve the wave equation respectively. In the distance independent marine environment, the linear relationship between the acoustic velocity perturbation and the propagation delay disturbance is established based on the perturbation method. Among them, in acoustic tomography based on normal wave theory, a sensitivity kernel function is introduced to describe the propagation delay perturbation quantitatively. The sensitivity kernel is the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the acoustic disturbance which causes the variation of the propagation delay. The derivation of the sensitivity kernel is based on the first order Boone approximation of the Green's function, which converts the nonlinear relation between the acoustic velocity perturbation and the delay disturbance into a linear one. By drawing the image of sensitivity kernel function, we can get a sound energy distribution map similar to that in high frequency case based on ray theory. It is found that in low frequency case, propagation delay is sensitive to the change of sound velocity in Fresnel region around the sound line. And not the speed of sound itself. In addition, we can also know that there are positive acoustic sensitivity regions, that is, the sound lines passing through the positive sound sensitivity region have positive acoustic velocity perturbation, and the propagation delay to the peak becomes longer. After that, acoustic tomography becomes the inverse problem for solving the observation equation. In this paper, the regularization constrained least square method is used to invert the acoustic disturbance, and the simulation is carried out in the perturbation small scale shallow sea environment and the shallow water environment with small scale vortex disturbance, respectively. By comparing the inversion accuracy of vertical sensitivity kernel function in shallow water acoustic tomography with that of ray travel time acoustic tomography, it is found that the inversion accuracy of vertical sensitivity kernel function in small scale shallow sea low frequency environment is much higher than that of ray walking time method. Finally, this paper presents a small marine acoustic tomography instrument based on buoy, which is designed for data acquisition, data processing and long-distance communication. The reliability of the proposed method based on real-time attitude of buoy is proved by experiments.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P714.3;P733.2

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