本文選題：萊州灣 + 營養(yǎng)鹽��； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：萊州灣是我國典型的半封閉性陸架海灣，入海徑流豐富，營養(yǎng)鹽充足，是我國重要的魚、蝦、蟹產(chǎn)卵場和索餌場之一，也是我國北方重要的漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)基地。進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)以來，萊州灣地區(qū)工、農(nóng)業(yè)快速發(fā)展給萊州灣生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來了沉重的壓力。 我們于2012年8月對萊州灣海域進(jìn)行了綜合水質(zhì)調(diào)查，分析了萊州灣表層水體理化因子、營養(yǎng)鹽、常量元素和微量元素水平分布特征和相關(guān)性，并對海水進(jìn)行聚類分析、富營養(yǎng)化評價和重金屬污染風(fēng)險評價。最后，結(jié)合沿岸地下水、河水水化學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)，初步分析萊州灣營養(yǎng)鹽和重金屬入海途徑。主要結(jié)論如下： 沿岸淡水輸入是萊州灣海水化學(xué)要素水平分布的主要影響因素。萊州灣表層海水pH、鹽度、比重、TDS、電導(dǎo)率、K、Mg、Na、Ca、Sr、Cl、S、Li有著相似的水平分布特征，均呈現(xiàn)出沿岸低、灣內(nèi)高的分布特點(diǎn)，從灣口向灣內(nèi)有減小趨勢，，在河口處最小。 海水深度是海水溫度的主要控制因素，海水溫度由近岸向灣內(nèi)隨海水深度增加降低；DO（溶解氧）含量主要受海水溫度影響，隨溫度升高DO含量降低。灣口海域海水理化因子垂向變化無明顯特點(diǎn)。 海水化學(xué)要素相關(guān)性分析顯示鹽度、比重、TDS、電導(dǎo)率、K、Mg、Na、Ca、Sr、Cl、S之間有著很好的正相關(guān)關(guān)系；通過聚類分析將萊州灣海水劃分為東、西兩個部分，東部受到渤海海水影響明顯，西部受到沿岸淡水輸入影響明顯。 萊州灣海水富營養(yǎng)化水平為磷限制潛在性富營養(yǎng)，N/P原子比為189.06，近年來萊N/P比值居高不下，隨著海水磷消耗而氮富余，N/P值有繼續(xù)增大的可能。 萊州灣存在重金屬污染風(fēng)險，污染風(fēng)險大小排列依次為Cu Ni Co，重金屬As和Cr符合二類海水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。由于資料有限，本文無法確定萊州灣部分海域重金屬含量偏高原因,其入海途徑需要進(jìn)一步調(diào)查。 萊州灣營養(yǎng)鹽主要來自沿岸河流淡水輸入，海底地下水排泄也是萊州灣營養(yǎng)鹽的重要來源。初步估算結(jié)果顯示，沿岸河流向海輸送DIN:1.03×106t/a，P：6.24×104t/a，海底地下水排泄的營養(yǎng)鹽通量為DIN:1.26×105t/a，P：2.75×103t/a。海底地下水排泄向海輸送陸源污染物的能力不可忽視。
[Abstract]:Laizhou Bay is a typical semi-closed shelf bay in China with abundant runoff and abundant nutrients. It is one of the important spawning grounds for fish, shrimp, crab and bait field in China, as well as an important fishery production base in the north of China. Since the beginning of the new century, the rapid development of agriculture in Laizhou Bay has brought heavy pressure to the ecological environment of Laizhou Bay. In August, 2012, we conducted a comprehensive water quality survey in Laizhou Bay, and analyzed the distribution characteristics and correlation of physical and chemical factors, nutrients, major elements and trace elements in the surface water of Laizhou Bay, and carried out cluster analysis of sea water. Eutrophication evaluation and heavy metal pollution risk assessment. Finally, combined with the chemical data of groundwater and river water along the coast, the nutrient and heavy metals in Laizhou Bay were preliminarily analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: Coastal fresh water input is the main factor influencing the horizontal distribution of seawater chemical elements in Laizhou Bay. The pH, salinity, specific gravity and conductivity of the surface seawater in the Laizhou Bay have similar horizontal distribution characteristics, showing the characteristics of low littoral and high in the bay, decreasing from the mouth of the bay to the inside of the bay, and the smallest at the mouth of the estuary. The depth of seawater is the main controlling factor of seawater temperature. The content of do decreases with the increase of seawater depth, and the content of do decreases with the increase of seawater depth. The vertical change of physical and chemical factors of seawater in the gulf is not obvious. The correlation analysis of sea water chemical elements shows that there is a good positive correlation between salinity, specific gravity, TDS and electrical conductivity, and the sea water in Laizhou Bay is divided into east and west parts by cluster analysis, and the eastern part is obviously influenced by Bohai sea water. The west is obviously affected by the coastal fresh water input. The eutrophication level of seawater in Laizhou Bay is phosphorus limiting potential eutrophication N / P atomic ratio is 189.06. In recent years, the ratio of N / P to N / P remains high, and the N / P value of nitrogen surplus is likely to continue to increase with the consumption of phosphorus in seawater. Heavy metal pollution risk exists in Laizhou Bay. The order of pollution risk is that Cu Ni Co, heavy metals as and Cr conform to the second class seawater water quality standard. Because of the limited data, it is impossible to determine the reason for the high content of heavy metals in some sea areas of Laizhou Bay, and the way to enter the sea needs further investigation. The nutrient in Laizhou Bay mainly comes from the fresh water input of coastal rivers, and the discharge of undersea groundwater is also an important source of nutrients in Laizhou Bay. The preliminary estimation results show that the coastal rivers transport DIN:1.03 脳 106t / a to the sea with a nutrient flux of DIN:1.26 脳 105t / a: 2.75 脳 103t / a, and the nutrient flux of the undersea groundwater is 6.24 脳 104t / a. The ability of undersea groundwater to discharge and transport land-based pollutants to the sea cannot be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P734.41

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