【摘要】：隨著微機(jī)電系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展,微燃燒器的研制逐漸成為當(dāng)今的熱點(diǎn)課題之一�；谌紵奈�(dòng)力系統(tǒng),憑借其能量密度高、污染排放小等優(yōu)點(diǎn),逐漸成為替代化學(xué)電池的理想方案之一。但燃燒器體積的減小,也帶來(lái)了許多諸如表面積/體積比較大,燃料停留時(shí)間短、散熱損失較大、難以維持穩(wěn)定燃燒等難題。液體燃料的霧化燃燒是提升燃料利用率的重要途徑之一。傳統(tǒng)方法多以機(jī)械霧化為主,而對(duì)燃料進(jìn)行荷電霧化燃燒是改進(jìn)微燃燒器性能的可行方法。采取噴嘴-網(wǎng)格的單電極結(jié)構(gòu)和噴嘴-環(huán)形電極-網(wǎng)格的雙電極結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)制作微型燃燒器,并以雙電極結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)催化燃燒器。以乙醇為燃料,對(duì)燃燒器內(nèi)霧化及燃燒特性進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,并分析霧化對(duì)燃燒的影響因素,研究電場(chǎng)的變化對(duì)霧化燃燒的影響。研究表明,在單、雙兩種電極結(jié)構(gòu)下,乙醇荷電霧化均會(huì)出現(xiàn)脈動(dòng)、錐-射流、偏移射流以及多股射流四種霧化模式。其中,錐-射流模式下噴霧粒徑分布最為均勻,多股射流模式下噴霧粒徑平均尺寸最小。單電極燃燒器內(nèi),噴霧粒徑范圍為8-28.8μm,雙電極燃燒器內(nèi),噴霧粒徑范圍為2.3-17μm。雙電極結(jié)構(gòu)下,噴霧荷質(zhì)比穩(wěn)定在較低值,而單電極結(jié)構(gòu)下荷質(zhì)比呈上升趨勢(shì),二者均在錐-射流模式下荷質(zhì)比相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。環(huán)形電極的加入使乙醇荷電方式發(fā)生變化,提升了霧化效果,并在錐-射流模式和多股射流模式下達(dá)到最佳。在燃燒過(guò)程中,雙電極燃燒器內(nèi)火焰呈現(xiàn)淡藍(lán)色,催化燃燒器內(nèi)呈無(wú)焰燃燒,表明其乙醇完全燃燒程度較高。環(huán)形電極的加入使火焰穩(wěn)燃極限拓寬,燃燒器可在更大的乙醇流量范圍以及更寬的當(dāng)量比范圍內(nèi)工作。雙電極燃燒器內(nèi),乙醇在錐-射流模式下火焰溫度最高,多股射流模式次之。粒徑的減小加快了液滴蒸發(fā)速率,使得乙醇蒸氣與空氣預(yù)混時(shí)間增加,相對(duì)延長(zhǎng)了燃料的停留時(shí)間提升了燃燒器的穩(wěn)定性。粒徑較大的液滴由霧化區(qū)到燃燒區(qū)的行進(jìn)過(guò)程中,部分液滴由于未完全蒸發(fā)而到達(dá)火焰處,增加了散熱損失,因此在霧化效果好的雙電極燃燒器內(nèi)乙醇燃燒效率較高,錐-射流模式下燃燒效率高于其他霧化模式。催化網(wǎng)格的加入促進(jìn)了乙醇在高溫下的分解及氧化,并減少了有害尾氣排放量。乙醇燃燒效率在雙電極燃燒器內(nèi)可達(dá)90.5%,催化燃燒器內(nèi)可達(dá)94.5%。環(huán)形電極的加入對(duì)提升乙醇霧化效果作用明顯,催化網(wǎng)格對(duì)于燃燒效率有較大提升,可通過(guò)外加電場(chǎng)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化來(lái)提升荷電噴霧微燃燒器的性能。
[Abstract]:With the development of MEMS, the development of micro-burner has become one of the hot topics. Because of its advantages of high energy density and low pollution emission, the combustion micro-power system has become one of the ideal alternatives for chemical batteries. However, the reduction of burner volume also brings many problems such as large surface area / volume ratio, short residence time of fuel, large heat loss and difficult to maintain stable combustion. The atomization combustion of liquid fuel is one of the important ways to improve the fuel efficiency. The traditional methods are mostly mechanical atomization, but charge atomization combustion is a feasible method to improve the performance of micro combustor. The single electrode structure of nozzle-grid and the double electrode structure of nozzle-ring electrode-grid are adopted to design and manufacture micro burner and to design catalytic burner based on double electrode structure. The atomization and combustion characteristics in the burner were studied experimentally with ethanol as fuel. The influence factors of atomization on combustion and the influence of electric field on atomization combustion were analyzed. The results show that there are four kinds of atomization modes of ethanol charge atomization, such as pulsation, cone-jet, offset jet and multi-jet. The spray particle size distribution is the most uniform in the cone-jet mode and the smallest in the multi-jet mode. The spray particle size ranges from 8-28.8 渭 m in a single-electrode burner to 2.3-17 渭 m in a dual-electrode burner. Under the double electrode structure, the ratio of charge to mass is stable at a lower value, while the ratio of charge to mass of a single electrode structure is on the rise. Both of them are relatively stable in the cone-jet mode. The addition of ring electrode changes the charged mode of ethanol, and improves the atomization effect, and achieves the best results in the cone-jet mode and multi-jet mode. In the combustion process, the flame in the two-electrode burner is light blue, and the combustion in the catalytic burner is flameless, which indicates that the complete combustion degree of ethanol is high. With the addition of ring electrode, the flame stability limit is widened, and the burner can work in a wider range of ethanol flow rate and wider equivalent ratio. In the two-electrode burner, the flame temperature of ethanol is the highest in the cone-jet mode, followed by the multi-jet mode. The decrease of particle size accelerates the evaporation rate of liquid droplets, increases the premixing time of ethanol vapor and air, and prolongs the residence time of fuel to improve the stability of the burner. In the process of moving from atomization zone to combustion zone, some droplets reach the flame due to incomplete evaporation, which increases the heat loss, so the ethanol combustion efficiency is higher in the two-electrode burner with good atomization effect. The combustion efficiency in cone-jet mode is higher than that in other atomization modes. The addition of catalytic meshes promoted the decomposition and oxidation of ethanol at high temperature and reduced the harmful tail gas emissions. The combustion efficiency of ethanol is 90.5 in the double electrode burner and 94. 5 in the catalytic burner. The effect of ring electrode on ethanol atomization is obvious, and the catalytic mesh can improve the combustion efficiency greatly. The performance of charged spray micro-burner can be improved by the optimization of applied electric field parameters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TK16

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