【摘要】：針對旋轉(zhuǎn)機械因轉(zhuǎn)子質(zhì)量不平衡所引起的振動問題,在轉(zhuǎn)子上預裝自動平衡頭可以實現(xiàn)在線振動抑制。電磁平衡頭具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單緊湊、自鎖可靠、平衡時間短等優(yōu)點,能夠?qū)崟r在線監(jiān)測轉(zhuǎn)軸的振動狀態(tài),實現(xiàn)高精度、高速主軸的不平衡振動實時抑制。因此,深入研究電磁平衡頭并推廣應用具有一定的工程價值和經(jīng)濟效益�；诖�,論文主要研究工作如下：(1)電磁平衡頭磁場分析及磁路結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設計。以現(xiàn)有平衡頭為基礎,建立電磁平衡頭有限元模型,得到配重盤步進過程中自鎖力以及驅(qū)動力的變化規(guī)律,為驅(qū)動波形的設計提供參考并確定了最大自鎖力及驅(qū)動力位置。在此基礎上,研究了不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對最大自鎖力、最大驅(qū)動力的影響規(guī)律,研究結(jié)果對減小平衡頭軸向尺寸、勵磁線圈安匝數(shù)的優(yōu)化設計具有指導意義。(2)滾動軸承支撐的配重盤在高速、高離心力下的變形研究及優(yōu)化。建立了滾動軸承支撐的配重盤有限元模型,通過顯式動力學仿真得到了平衡頭自鎖狀態(tài)下軸承內(nèi)部各部件相對運動關(guān)系。在此基礎上,基于擬動力學仿真研究了配重盤在不同配重塊形狀、不同轉(zhuǎn)速、不同軸承材料以及兩側(cè)配重塊相同及不同平衡能力下的變形情況,逐步優(yōu)化配重盤結(jié)構(gòu)。優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)能夠有效降低配重盤變形以及滾動體振動,提高平衡頭運行穩(wěn)定性,保障平衡頭自鎖及驅(qū)動性能。(3)渦槳發(fā)動機自動平衡方案研究。針對某一型號渦槳發(fā)動機,通過有限元分析軟件Workbench對渦槳-轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)進行了模態(tài)分析、不平衡響應分析,得到其固有頻率、主振型以及臨界轉(zhuǎn)速。通過對比電磁平衡頭動平衡前后螺旋槳以及壓氣機處的不平衡響應曲線,表明電磁平衡頭對渦槳發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)軸的不平衡振動具有良好的減振效果。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the vibration problem of rotating machinery caused by rotor mass unbalance, the on-line vibration suppression can be realized by installing an automatic balancing head on the rotor. The electromagnetic balancing head has the advantages of simple and compact structure, reliable self-locking and short balance time. It can monitor the vibration state of the rotating shaft in real time and realize the real-time suppression of the unbalanced vibration of the high precision and high speed spindle. Therefore, it has certain engineering value and economic benefit to study electromagnetic balance head and popularize its application. Based on this, the main research work is as follows: (1) Magnetic field analysis and magnetic circuit structure optimization design of electromagnetic balance head. Based on the existing balance head, the finite element model of the electromagnetic balance head is established, and the law of the self-locking force and the driving force during the stepping process of the counterweight disk is obtained, which provides a reference for the design of the driving waveform and determines the maximum self-locking force and the position of the driving force. On this basis, the influence of different structural parameters on the maximum self-locking force and the maximum driving force is studied. The optimum design of the ampere-turn number of the excitation coil is of great significance. (2) the research and optimization of the deformation of the counterweight disk supported by the rolling bearing at high speed and high centrifugal force. The finite element model of counterweight disk for rolling bearing support is established, and the relative motion relationship of the components in the bearing under the self-locking state of the balance head is obtained by explicit dynamic simulation. On this basis, the deformation of the counterweight disk under different weight distribution block shape, different speed, different bearing material and the same and different balance ability of the two sides weight distribution block is studied based on the pseudo-dynamic simulation, and the structure of the counterweight plate is optimized step by step. The optimized structure can effectively reduce the deformation of counterweight disk and the vibration of rolling body, improve the stability of the balance head, and guarantee the self-locking and driving performance of the balance head. (3) study on the automatic balancing scheme of the turbo-propeller engine. For a certain type of propeller engine, the modal analysis of the propeller rotor system is carried out by the finite element analysis software Workbench, and the unbalance response analysis is carried out. The natural frequency, the main vibration mode and the critical speed are obtained. By comparing the unbalance response curves of the propeller and compressor before and after the dynamic balancing of the electromagnetic balance head, it is shown that the electromagnetic balance head has a good damping effect on the unbalance vibration of the rotating shaft of the propeller engine.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TK403

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