本文選題：理縣　切入點：滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：理縣地處松潘-甘孜地槽褶皺系，淺變質(zhì)巖廣布，烈度高，降雨豐富，地震及暴雨觸發(fā)的滑坡發(fā)育。2008年5月12日，四川省汶川縣發(fā)生了8.0級大地震使得人民的生命財產(chǎn)和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展遭受巨大損失。本文研究區(qū)理縣與汶川縣相鄰，是受這次地震災(zāi)害影響較為嚴(yán)重的縣市之一，受災(zāi)人口4萬余人，其中死亡105人、失蹤28人、受傷1615人，直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失達(dá)1226542萬元。開展理縣滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害風(fēng)險性的研究符合理縣滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治決策的需要，對于有效降低理縣滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害所造成的人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 本文在野外實地滑坡調(diào)查和資料收集的基礎(chǔ)上，以理縣95處滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害作為研究對象，采用遙感影像解譯、信息量法、層次分析法、ArcGIS軟件等，對理縣進(jìn)行區(qū)域滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害風(fēng)險性評價與區(qū)劃，主要成果如下： （1）基于ArcGIS軟件建立了理縣滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害個人地理數(shù)據(jù)庫。數(shù)據(jù)庫包括自然地理背景、地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害要素、風(fēng)險性評價中間圖層及風(fēng)險性評價結(jié)果5個要素數(shù)據(jù)集，并將各要素錄入相應(yīng)的要素數(shù)據(jù)集中。通過數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立可以更方便的管理、瀏覽、查詢檢索、統(tǒng)計和更新數(shù)據(jù)，為后期滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害統(tǒng)計分析、危險性評價、風(fēng)險性評價奠定良好基礎(chǔ)。 （2）利用ArcGIS軟件空間分析功能對理縣滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害空間分布特征、時間分布特征及滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害形成條件和誘發(fā)因子進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。通過統(tǒng)計分析可知：①理縣滑坡分布于雜谷腦河及其支流兩側(cè)；②汶川地震前發(fā)育滑坡47處，且多發(fā)生在每年5-9月份，震后新增滑坡點48處；③理縣滑坡在坡度15°-30°之間敏感性最強,在坡向上理縣滑坡在正北、正南向敏感性最強；④理縣滑坡多發(fā)育在變質(zhì)巖區(qū)；⑤構(gòu)造和水系對滑坡發(fā)育的控制作用較為明顯。 （3）根據(jù)理縣滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害形成條件和誘發(fā)因子的分析，選擇坡度、坡向、地層巖性、構(gòu)造、河流水系、降雨、地震、人類工程活動8個評價因子建立理縣滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性評價指標(biāo)體系。運用信息量法確定評價因子內(nèi)部各分級的信息量值，利用層次分析法確定各評價因子權(quán)重，最終在ArcGIS中完成各評價單元信息權(quán)的賦值。 （4）使用ArcGIS軟件的柵格計算器工具對各評價因子信息權(quán)值進(jìn)行柵格計算，完成理縣滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險性評價和區(qū)劃，使用ArcGIS軟件的統(tǒng)計分析功能對危險性區(qū)劃結(jié)果進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計分析。 （5）基于人口密度、公路密度和土地資源建立了理縣滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易損性評價指標(biāo)體系。利用ArcGIS軟件的空間分析功能完成了人口密度、道路密度的獲��；使用ERDAS IMAGINE遙感軟件對Landsat5TM遙感影像進(jìn)行監(jiān)督分類，，獲取了理縣土地利用現(xiàn)狀。 （6）使用ArcGIS軟件的柵格計算器工具根據(jù)人口與財產(chǎn)的易損性擬合的經(jīng)驗公式：V=((FV_1+FV_2)/2)~(1/2)進(jìn)行了各易損性評價因子的柵格計算，完成理縣滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易損性評價和區(qū)劃，使用ArcGIS軟件的統(tǒng)計分析功能對易損性區(qū)劃結(jié)果進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計分析。 （7）使用ArcGIS軟件的柵格計算器工具根據(jù)“風(fēng)險性=危險性×易損性”經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｐ瓦M(jìn)行了危險性和易損性的柵格計算，完成理縣滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害風(fēng)險性評價和區(qū)劃，使用ArcGIS軟件的統(tǒng)計分析功能對風(fēng)險性區(qū)劃結(jié)果進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計分析。利用公式：X=(4×X_1+3×X_2+2×X_3+X4)/4完成了理縣各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)風(fēng)險指數(shù)的計算。
[Abstract]:The county is located in Songpan - Ganzi geosyncline, shallow metamorphic rocks are widely distributed, high intensity, abundant rainfall, earthquake and rainstorm triggered landslides in May 12th.2008, Sichuan County of Wenchuan province in the 8 earthquake makes people's lives and property and social economic development suffered huge losses. The adjacent Lixian County and Wenchuan County in this study area. Is one of the counties and cities affected by the serious earthquake disasters, the affected population of more than 4 people, including 105 deaths, 28 people missing, 1615 injured, the direct economic losses amounted to 12 billion 265 million 420 thousand yuan. We need to study the geological disaster risk Lixian landslide with reasonable landslide prevention decision of geological disasters, has a very important practical significance. To effectively reduce the geological disasters caused by landslides Lixian casualties and property losses.
Based on the field of landslide investigation and data collection, the Lixian 95 landslides geological disasters as the research object, the interpretation of remote sensing images, information method, analytic hierarchy process, ArcGIS software, Lixian to evaluate and risk of geological disaster of landslide. The main results are as follows:
(1) the geological disasters landslides Lixian personal geographic database is built based on ArcGIS software. The database includes natural geographical background, geological environment, geological disaster factors, risk assessment and risk assessment of the middle layer to the 5 elements of data set, and data elements the elements of the corresponding input concentration. Through the establishment of a database can be more convenient management, browse, query, statistics and update data, landslide statistics for later analysis, risk assessment, risk assessment and lay a good foundation.
(2) analysis function of Lixian landslide spatial distribution of geological disasters by using the software of ArcGIS space time distribution characteristics and geological disasters of landslide formation were analyzed and the induced factor. Through statistical analysis of landslide distribution in Lixian Zagunao River and its tributaries in two sides; the Wenchuan earthquake occurred before 47 landslides, and more 5-9 months after the earthquake occurred in the year, 48 points of the new landslide; landslide in Lixian slope between 15 DEG -30 DEG most sensitive to slope landslide, in Lixian County in the north, South to the strongest sensitivity; Lixian landslide developed in metamorphic rock area; tectonic system and control of landslide development is obvious.
(3) according to the county landslide formation conditions and inducing factor analysis, selection of slope, slope, lithology, structure, river water, rainfall, earthquake and human engineering activities of the 8 evaluation factors of geological disasters in Lixian landslide risk evaluation index system. To determine the amount of information within the value evaluation factor classification using information method, using the AHP to determine the weight of each evaluation factor, the final completion of the assignment of each evaluation unit information right in the ArcGIS.
(4) the use of ArcGIS software tools for grid computing grid calculator of each evaluation factor weights, complete risk assessment and regionalization of geological disasters in Lixian landslide, statistical analysis using ArcGIS software on the risk zoning results were analyzed.
(5) based on population density, road density and land resources, establish the evaluation index system of vulnerability of geological disasters in Lixian landslide. The population density function analysis using ArcGIS software, obtaining the road density; for Landsat5TM remote sensing image supervised classification using ERDAS IMAGINE remote sensing software to obtain the status of land use in Lixian County.
(6) the use of ArcGIS software tools raster calculator based on the empirical formula of vulnerability fitting population and property: V= ((FV_1+FV_2) /2) ~ (1/2) of the grid vulnerability assessment factor calculation, complete vulnerability assessment and zoning of geological disasters in Lixian landslide, statistical analysis using ArcGIS software on the vulnerable zoning results were analyzed.
(7) the use of ArcGIS software tools based on raster calculator "risk = Hazard * vulnerability" experience model of the grid risk and vulnerability calculation, complete risk assessment and regionalization of geological disasters in Lixian landslide, statistical analysis using ArcGIS software on the risk zonation results were analyzed. The use of formula: X= (4 * X_1+3 * X_2+2 * X_3+X4) /4 finished the calculation of Lixian Township risk index.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;P642.22

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