本文關(guān)鍵詞：坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換求解算法及模型誤差分析與研究　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：測(cè)繪中的主要工作是對(duì)某點(diǎn)進(jìn)行空間定位,因此需要有一套參數(shù)來表達(dá)該點(diǎn)的空間位置,測(cè)繪中主要坐標(biāo)參數(shù)為空間直角坐標(biāo)(X,YZ)、平面直角坐標(biāo)(X,YH)及大地坐標(biāo)(B,L,H)。在工程實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,使用較多的是平面直角坐標(biāo)和大地坐標(biāo),而對(duì)于坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的理論研究及模型表達(dá),使用三維空間直角坐標(biāo)最理想。隨著空間定位技術(shù)的發(fā)展,GPS技術(shù)運(yùn)用于測(cè)繪領(lǐng)域中,GPS測(cè)量采用的是WGS-84坐標(biāo)系,而我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的國(guó)家坐標(biāo)基準(zhǔn)主要有：北京54坐標(biāo)、西安80坐標(biāo)、2000國(guó)家大地坐標(biāo)。在城市測(cè)量和工程測(cè)量中往往又使用獨(dú)立坐標(biāo),比如：城建坐標(biāo)、公路、鐵路、水電站建設(shè)中的工程獨(dú)立坐標(biāo)。在應(yīng)用過程中基于不同目的會(huì)使用不同坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的坐標(biāo),因此勢(shì)必要面對(duì)同一基準(zhǔn)下不同形式的坐標(biāo)及不同坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)間的坐標(biāo)相互轉(zhuǎn)換問題。坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換精度直接影響著工程應(yīng)用中地形圖測(cè)量、控制測(cè)量、工程放樣及圖紙拼接等各個(gè)方面,因此坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)果精度要滿足要求。因此,對(duì)于坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換模型、坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換求解算法以及公共點(diǎn)選取及分布問題的研究有其重要意義及必要性。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括三個(gè)部分：第一：簡(jiǎn)述各種不同形式的測(cè)量坐標(biāo)及不同的測(cè)量坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng),總結(jié)并分析各種坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換模型；第二：分析研究坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換求解算法以及不同坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換求解算法對(duì)坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換精度的影響,具體針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)最小二乘求解算法,坐標(biāo)重心化求解算法,基于尺度因子求解算法以及總體最小二乘算法,并通過實(shí)例計(jì)算探求坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換精度較好的有效算法；第三：分析及研究所用公共點(diǎn)對(duì)坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換精度的影響,通過工程實(shí)例研究局部區(qū)域的公共點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)、公共點(diǎn)分布及公共點(diǎn)離待轉(zhuǎn)換點(diǎn)的距離幾個(gè)因素對(duì)坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換精度的影響,探求有較好轉(zhuǎn)換精度的公共點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)、公共點(diǎn)分布以及公共點(diǎn)重心位置。
[Abstract]:The main work of surveying and mapping is to locate a certain point in space, so it is necessary to have a set of parameters to express the spatial position of the point. Plane Cartesian coordinates (XY) and geodetic coordinates (B) and geodetic coordinates (B). In practical engineering applications, most of them are plane Cartesian coordinates and Geodetic coordinates, and the theoretical study and model expression of coordinate system are also given. With the development of spatial positioning technology, WGS-84 coordinate system is used in surveying and mapping field. The current national coordinate datum of our country mainly includes: Beijing 54 coordinate, Xi'an 80 coordinate 2000 national geodetic coordinate. In urban survey and engineering survey, independent coordinate is often used, for example: city construction coordinate. In the construction of highway, railway, hydropower station engineering independent coordinates. In the application process will use different coordinate system coordinates based on different purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to face the problem of coordinate transformation between different forms of coordinates and coordinate systems under the same datum. The precision of coordinate conversion directly affects topographic map survey and control survey in engineering application. Engineering layout and drawing splicing, so the accuracy of coordinate transformation results should meet the requirements. Therefore, for coordinate transformation model. The algorithm of coordinate transformation and the study of common point selection and distribution are of great significance and necessity. The main contents of this paper include three parts: first:. This paper briefly describes various forms of measuring coordinates and different measuring coordinate systems. Summing up and analyzing various coordinate transformation models; Second, the influence of coordinate transformation algorithm and different coordinate transformation algorithm on coordinate conversion accuracy is analyzed, especially for the traditional least square algorithm, coordinate barycenter algorithm. Based on the scale factor solving algorithm and the total least square algorithm, the effective algorithm with good precision of coordinate transformation is obtained by example calculation. Thirdly, the influence of common points on the accuracy of coordinate transformation is analyzed and studied, and the number of common points in local areas is studied by engineering examples. The influence of several factors such as the distribution of common points and the distance between common points and the points to be converted on the accuracy of coordinate transformation is discussed. The number of common points, the distribution of common points and the position of center of gravity of common points with good conversion accuracy are explored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P226.3

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