【摘要】：三維激光掃描技術(shù)是目前測繪領(lǐng)域一項(xiàng)新興的測量技術(shù)，它的出現(xiàn)改變了傳統(tǒng)的古建筑測繪方法，能完整的獲取古建筑物的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和形態(tài)特性，快速并準(zhǔn)確的得到三維點(diǎn)云模型，獲取第一手的古建筑資料及檔案信息，對古建筑保護(hù)工作起到了實(shí)質(zhì)性的推進(jìn)作用。 論文針對基于三維激光掃描儀的古建筑測繪外業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)采集，設(shè)計(jì)了相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)方案，分析和研究數(shù)據(jù)采集的測站數(shù)、標(biāo)靶數(shù)及距離對數(shù)據(jù)掃描結(jié)果的影響，得出了設(shè)站規(guī)律和原則；在點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)處理中，針對原始點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)中存在的冗余數(shù)據(jù)和粗差點(diǎn)，利用粗差的剔除算法編寫程序，，實(shí)現(xiàn)了點(diǎn)云粗差數(shù)據(jù)的自動(dòng)化清除，為數(shù)據(jù)處理提供了便捷的方法；針對三維建模方法多樣性與復(fù)雜性的問題進(jìn)行了幾種建模方法的比較和分析，并進(jìn)行基于有理B樣條（NURBS）曲面的模型構(gòu)建方法研究；針對整個(gè)古建筑測繪工作中存在的誤差進(jìn)行分析和評(píng)價(jià)，得出一些消除和削弱誤差的措施以及精度評(píng)價(jià)方法；最后采用三維激光掃描儀對某古建筑進(jìn)行一系列的數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理、模型建立與紋理貼圖，獲得了帶有紋理照片的古建筑三維模型，并通過相關(guān)誤差分析與模型評(píng)價(jià)，能夠達(dá)到古建筑測繪的要求。結(jié)果表明，本論文研究的工程實(shí)際方法和結(jié)論對古建筑測繪具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義，證明了三維激光掃描儀在古建筑測繪中有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is a new survey technology in the field of surveying and mapping at present. Its appearance has changed the traditional methods of surveying and mapping of ancient buildings, and it can obtain the whole structure and morphological characteristics of ancient buildings completely. Based on the 3D laser scanner, this paper designs the related experimental scheme, analyzes and studies the influence of the number of data acquisition stations, target number and distance on the data scanning results. In the processing of point cloud data, aiming at the redundant data and rough handicap in the original point cloud data, a program is written by using the algorithm of eliminating gross error to realize the automatic clearing of point cloud gross error data. It provides a convenient method for data processing, compares and analyzes several modeling methods for the diversity and complexity of 3D modeling methods, and studies the modeling method based on rational B-spline (Nurbs) surface. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the errors existing in the surveying and mapping of ancient buildings, some measures to eliminate and weaken the errors and the methods of accuracy evaluation are obtained. Finally, a series of data collection for an ancient building is carried out by using a three-dimensional laser scanner. Data processing, model building and texture mapping are used to obtain the 3D model of ancient architecture with texture photos. Through the error analysis and model evaluation, it can meet the requirements of ancient architecture mapping. The results show that the practical engineering methods and conclusions studied in this paper have certain guiding significance for ancient architectural surveying and mapping. It is proved that the 3D laser scanner has a broad application prospect in ancient architectural surveying and mapping.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長春工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU198;TN249

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