【摘要】：染料敏化太陽(yáng)電池作為一種光伏器件由于其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率高和生產(chǎn)工藝簡(jiǎn)單等特點(diǎn),被認(rèn)為是最具發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ奶?yáng)電池之一。經(jīng)過(guò)二十多年的發(fā)展,染料敏化太陽(yáng)電池?zé)o論從電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率還是從電池的制備工藝方面,都取得了巨大的發(fā)展。但是一些關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題如貴金屬鉑材料的使用、電池的柔性低溫制備等仍嚴(yán)重阻礙了染料敏化太陽(yáng)電池效率的進(jìn)一步提高和產(chǎn)業(yè)化應(yīng)用。本論文就這些問(wèn)題,對(duì)染料敏化太陽(yáng)電池硫化物電極材料和電池的柔性制備新技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： 1.使用化學(xué)沉淀的簡(jiǎn)單方法在室溫下合成了CoS材料,分別使用絲網(wǎng)印刷和滴涂的方法制備了CoS對(duì)電極,研究了熱處理前后CoS材料的形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)和成份的變化。研究表明,絲網(wǎng)印刷后燒結(jié)的方法可以有效的去除前驅(qū)CoS化合物中過(guò)量的硫,提高CoS與透明導(dǎo)電基底的結(jié)合力。將CoS對(duì)電極組裝電池,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行表征,結(jié)果表明基于絲網(wǎng)印刷后燒結(jié)的CoS對(duì)電極具有良好的電化學(xué)催化性能,電池獲得了7.2%的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率,性能接近傳統(tǒng)熱分解法制備的Pt作為對(duì)電極電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率。 2.使用溶劑熱的合成方法在不含聯(lián)氨和螯合劑的條件下,合成了Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)材料。利用滴涂和絲網(wǎng)印刷、真空硒化退火硒化的方法制備了CZTS和CZTS(Se)對(duì)電極,并組裝成染料敏化太陽(yáng)電池。對(duì)所合成材料的形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)、成分以及對(duì)電極的電化學(xué)催化性質(zhì)與電池的光電性能進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的表征、測(cè)試。研究了CZTS及CZTS(Se)對(duì)電極的形貌結(jié)構(gòu)特征對(duì)電極催化性能和電池性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,絲網(wǎng)印刷后燒結(jié)結(jié)合硒化處理的方法制備的CZTS(Se)對(duì)電極具有良好的多孔結(jié)構(gòu),較高的催化還原能力。以CZTS(Se)為對(duì)電極電池獲得了5.75%的效率,高于以滴涂法制備的CZTS對(duì)電極電池的效率。 3.以乙二胺和聯(lián)氨作為混合溶劑,使用溶劑熱的方法合成了NiS納米棒-石墨烯復(fù)合材料。通過(guò)對(duì)復(fù)合物材料中石墨烯含量的優(yōu)化,適量石墨烯有助于復(fù)合物材料形成三維多孔結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)NiS與石墨烯的質(zhì)量比為1：0.04時(shí),在NiS和石墨烯的協(xié)同催化作用下,復(fù)合物材料顯示出比鉑更優(yōu)秀的催化還原性。其作為對(duì)電極組裝的染料敏化太陽(yáng)電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率達(dá)到8.26% 4.開發(fā)了一種激光輔助低溫膜轉(zhuǎn)移染料敏化太陽(yáng)電池光陽(yáng)極的制備方法。這種方法創(chuàng)新性的將激光剝離技術(shù)引入到柔性染料敏化太陽(yáng)電池光陽(yáng)極的制備工藝中。該方法與滾壓法相結(jié)合,低壓條件下制備的Ti02光陽(yáng)極不僅具有良好的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)而且與基底的結(jié)合力強(qiáng)。使用這種方法分別在剛性FTO玻璃基底和柔性PET/ITO基底上制備了染料敏化太陽(yáng)電池,分別獲得了6.2%和4.2%的高轉(zhuǎn)換效率。由于這種方法工藝簡(jiǎn)單、可重復(fù)性好并且適用于多種導(dǎo)電基底,未來(lái)經(jīng)過(guò)優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)后易與卷對(duì)卷的生產(chǎn)工藝結(jié)合,具有非常大的應(yīng)用潛力。
[Abstract]:Dye sensitized solar cell, as a kind of photovoltaic device, is considered to be one of the most potential solar cells because of its simple structure, high photoelectric conversion efficiency and simple production process. After more than 20 years of development, dye-sensitized solar cells have made great progress both in terms of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell and the preparation technology of the cell. However, some key problems, such as the use of precious metal platinum materials and the flexible low temperature preparation of batteries, still seriously hinder the further improvement and industrial application of dye sensitized solar cells. In this paper, the new flexible preparation technology of dye sensitized solar cell sulfide electrode material and cell is studied. The main research contents are as follows: 1. CoS materials were synthesized by chemical precipitation at room temperature. CoS pair electrodes were prepared by screen printing and drop coating, respectively. the morphology, structure and composition of CoS materials before and after heat treatment were studied. The results show that the sintering method after screen printing can effectively remove excessive sulfur in precursor CoS compounds and improve the binding force between CoS and transparent conductive substrate. The electrode was assembled and characterized by CoS. The results show that the sintered CoS based on screen printing has good electrochemical catalytic performance for the electrode. The battery has 7.2% photoelectric conversion efficiency, which is close to the photoelectric conversion efficiency of Pt prepared by traditional thermal decomposition method. two銆，

本文編號(hào)：2502676