【摘要】：電網(wǎng)電壓瞬時(shí)跌落是電力系統(tǒng)中危害最大、出現(xiàn)概率最高的動(dòng)態(tài)電能質(zhì)量問題,必須采取措施進(jìn)行治理。動(dòng)態(tài)電壓恢復(fù)器(Dynamic Voltage Restorer, DVR)被認(rèn)為是目前解決電壓瞬時(shí)跌落最有效的途徑,該裝置串聯(lián)在供電系統(tǒng)與負(fù)載之間,可以對(duì)電網(wǎng)電壓進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)補(bǔ)償。超級(jí)電容器作為新型儲(chǔ)能器件,其具有高能量密度,快速充放電,壽命長(zhǎng),無污染等特點(diǎn)。因此采用超級(jí)電容儲(chǔ)能的新型動(dòng)態(tài)電壓恢復(fù)器抑制電壓瞬時(shí)跌落的前景十分光明。本文針對(duì)電網(wǎng)電壓瞬時(shí)跌落,設(shè)計(jì)了一款基于超級(jí)電容儲(chǔ)能的主旁路式小型動(dòng)態(tài)電壓恢復(fù)器；提出了一種快速檢測(cè)電壓瞬時(shí)跌落新方法；并且圍繞超級(jí)電容充放電技術(shù)進(jìn)行了相關(guān)深入研究,提出了變流恒壓快速充電方法,以及多段式恒壓放電方法,本文具體研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括：(1)針對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)電能質(zhì)量問題中電壓瞬時(shí)跌落時(shí)電壓特征量改變問題進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)研究,并且分析了動(dòng)態(tài)電壓恢復(fù)器的主要工作原理及超級(jí)電容器充放電原理及等效模型。(2)采用主旁兩路供電新思路設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于超級(jí)電容儲(chǔ)能的新型動(dòng)態(tài)電壓恢復(fù)器,并完成了該裝置的硬件設(shè)計(jì)及軟件設(shè)計(jì)。硬件設(shè)計(jì)包括新型超級(jí)電容均壓充放電電路,半橋式DC-DC變換器電路、全橋逆變電路、采樣調(diào)理電路、主控單元電路等等；軟件設(shè)計(jì)包括主程序編寫,AD、定時(shí)器中斷程序編寫,保護(hù)程序編寫等等；并進(jìn)行了制板、焊接,成功制作出一臺(tái)樣機(jī),其最大電壓恢復(fù)時(shí)間可達(dá)3s。(3)提出了一種新型檢測(cè)電壓瞬時(shí)跌落方法——基于單相電壓αβ-dq變換連續(xù)求導(dǎo)的檢測(cè)算法,并對(duì)該方法進(jìn)行了理論分析、仿真驗(yàn)證,該算法實(shí)時(shí)性好,可以快速準(zhǔn)確判斷出電網(wǎng)發(fā)生跌落；同時(shí)本文結(jié)合數(shù)字采樣技術(shù)對(duì)算法中“過沖響應(yīng)”所帶來噪聲提出了累加優(yōu)化處理方法,該處理方法工程實(shí)用性強(qiáng),上機(jī)試驗(yàn)效果明顯。(4)針對(duì)超級(jí)電容充放電特性及常用的充放電方式,本文結(jié)合雙向DC-DC變換器提出了超級(jí)電容能量流動(dòng)控制策略,并采用小信號(hào)建模方法制定出精確的雙閉環(huán)控制策方法,通過自動(dòng)控制理論中校正原理詳細(xì)計(jì)算出控制器的PI參數(shù)；該方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了超級(jí)電容器Buck模式下先恒流再恒壓的快速充電,Boost模式下穩(wěn)壓放電；并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出超級(jí)電容器變流恒壓充電方法,以及多段穩(wěn)壓放電方法,進(jìn)行了Simulink仿真驗(yàn)證；通過這種控制策略后動(dòng)態(tài)電壓恢復(fù)器中超級(jí)電容器充、放電效果得到大幅改善。
[Abstract]:The instantaneous voltage drop of power grid is the dynamic power quality problem with the greatest harm and the highest probability in the power system, so measures must be taken to deal with it. Dynamic voltage restorer (Dynamic Voltage Restorer, DVR) is considered to be the most effective way to solve the instantaneous voltage drop at present. The device is connected in series between the power supply system and the load, and can dynamically compensate the voltage of the power grid. As a new type of energy storage device, supercapacitor has the characteristics of high energy density, fast charge and discharge, long life, no pollution and so on. Therefore, a new type of dynamic voltage restorer with supercapacitor energy storage has a bright prospect of suppressing instantaneous voltage drop. In this paper, a small main bypass dynamic voltage restorer based on supercapacitor energy storage is designed for instantaneous voltage drop of power grid, and a new method for fast detection of instantaneous voltage drop is proposed. The related research on supercapacitor charge and discharge technology is carried out, and the variable current constant voltage fast charging method and multi-stage constant voltage discharge method are put forward. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the voltage characteristic change problem of voltage instantaneous drop in dynamic power quality problem is studied in detail. The main working principle of dynamic voltage restorer, the charge and discharge principle and equivalent model of supercapacitor are analyzed. (2) A new dynamic voltage restorer based on supercapacitor energy storage is designed by using the new idea of main and side power supply, and the hardware design and software design of the device are completed. The hardware design includes a new type of supercapacitor equalizing voltage charge and discharge circuit, half bridge DC-DC converter circuit, full bridge inverter circuit, sampling conditioning circuit, main control unit circuit and so on. The software design includes main program writing, AD, timer interrupt programming, protection program writing and so on. A prototype has been successfully fabricated and welded, and its maximum voltage recovery time can reach 3. (3) A new detection method of instantaneous voltage drop based on single-phase voltage 偽 尾-dq transform is proposed, and the theoretical analysis of the method is carried out. the simulation results show that the algorithm has good real-time performance and can quickly and accurately judge the fall of power grid. At the same time, combined with digital sampling technology, this paper proposes a cumulative optimization processing method for noise caused by "overshoot response" in the algorithm, which is practical in engineering and obvious in computer test. (4) according to the charge-discharge characteristics of supercapacitors and the commonly used charging and discharging methods, this paper proposes a supercapacitor energy flow control strategy combined with bidirectional DC-DC converter. The accurate double closed-loop control strategy method is worked out by using the small signal modeling method, and the PI parameters of the controller are calculated in detail through the correction principle in the automatic control theory. This method realizes the fast charging of supercapacitor with constant current and then constant voltage in Buck mode and steady voltage discharge in Boost mode. On this basis, the method of variable current constant voltage charging of supercapacitor and the method of multi-stage steady voltage discharge are put forward and verified by Simulink simulation. Through this control strategy, the discharge effect of supercapacitor in dynamic voltage restorer is greatly improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM714.2

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