【摘要】：微弱磁場的精確測量,作為研究磁體、分析物質(zhì)形態(tài)及性質(zhì)的一種重要手段,在實際應(yīng)用中,例如醫(yī)學(xué)中生物體磁場的測量、地質(zhì)勘查中地形地貌的研究、工藝加工中材料缺陷的檢測以及礦產(chǎn)油氣勘察、水下磁性目標(biāo)定位和考古學(xué)等領(lǐng)域中起著重要作用。目前已廣泛應(yīng)用的、技術(shù)比較成熟的磁力儀種類包括磁通門磁力儀、核子旋進磁力儀,光泵磁力儀和超導(dǎo)磁力儀等,這些磁力儀的靈敏度都比較高。在磁力儀測磁靈敏度方面,我們主要依靠原子磁共振光譜譜線的線寬與磁場的關(guān)系進行測量。而磁場本身會受到空間、溫度、濕度等因素的影響,即使在穩(wěn)態(tài)環(huán)境中,也還是會隨時間的變化而發(fā)生改變,所以我們考慮采用磁場的均勻程度代替磁場進行測量。本文首先講述了磁力儀在多個領(lǐng)域的重要應(yīng)用;闡述了磁共振光譜的線寬與磁場的關(guān)系對原子磁力儀的重要影響;給出了原子磁力儀相關(guān)光譜線型及線寬的主要特征及其影響因素;隨后針對本課題組要求的磁場的均勻性,對不同形狀的載流線圈產(chǎn)生的磁場進行仿真計算;按照仿真設(shè)計的尺寸制作實物矩形線圈組并進行測量;最后針對弱磁場和強磁場下的磁共振光譜與磁場均勻性分析研究。以下是本文的主要研究內(nèi)容:1、詳細(xì)介紹了磁測技術(shù)的應(yīng)用及意義,給出幾種磁力儀的設(shè)計方案,并針對磁場均勻性對磁力儀及其靈敏度的意義進行分析,引出本文的主要內(nèi)容。2、說明了選擇Cs原子作為工作物質(zhì)的優(yōu)勢所在,針對本文中涉及的磁共振線寬的基本理論進行詳細(xì)介紹,給出幾種線寬對磁力儀的影響,并在此基礎(chǔ)上討論了傳統(tǒng)載流圓形線圈—亥姆霍茲線圈產(chǎn)生磁場的特性及銫原子磁力儀的系統(tǒng)。3、系統(tǒng)地分析研究了常用的圓形線圈及優(yōu)化的矩形線圈產(chǎn)生的磁場,及相應(yīng)的在實驗部分中的均勻性。通過仿真計算載流圓形、矩形線圈中心部分的磁場,對它們進行對比分析,并得出了矩形線圈更適用于高靈敏度的原子磁力儀的結(jié)論。4、根據(jù)磁屏蔽裝置,設(shè)計適合的矩形線圈尺寸并仿真計算,分析產(chǎn)生磁場的均勻區(qū)域。針對磁力儀的需求,選擇合適的材料制作實物,并對纏制好的矩形線圈進行測量,符合預(yù)期對均勻性的要求。5、分析了銫原子磁力儀的靈敏度及共振光譜的譜線寬度會對磁力儀的影響,針對不同磁場情況下,研究了磁場對Cs原子D1線共振光譜的影響以及磁場與共振譜線線寬的關(guān)系,研究表明:外磁場的變化能夠?qū)е麻]合躍遷Fg=3→Fe=4對應(yīng)極化譜線寬的展寬以及零點的頻移;另外還指出,磁場強度的增大還可以導(dǎo)致極化譜的相對強度的衰減。本章為后續(xù)對大磁場的測量打下基礎(chǔ),分析可能出現(xiàn)的譜線特征,并且得到相應(yīng)結(jié)論。本文的主要創(chuàng)新性成果包括:1、考慮到磁力儀靈敏度受磁共振光譜線寬及磁場均勻性的雙重影響,針對共振光譜及磁場均勻性分別進行研究;2、打破傳統(tǒng)對亥姆霍茲線圈產(chǎn)生磁場均勻性的局限性,嘗試使用矩形線圈組,結(jié)果顯示產(chǎn)生的磁場更加均勻,在銫泡范圍內(nèi)變化不超過1%;3、對于磁屏蔽裝置內(nèi)的強磁環(huán)境,考慮非線性塞曼效應(yīng)的影響,深入研究磁共振光譜線寬與磁場均勻性關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The precise measurement of the weak magnetic field, as an important means to study the shape and properties of the magnet, can be used in the practical application, such as the measurement of the biological magnetic field in the medicine, the study of the topography in the geological survey, the detection of the material defects in the process and the exploration of the mineral oil and gas, It plays an important role in the field of underwater magnetic target location and archaeology. The types of magnetometers which are widely used are magnetic flux gate magnetometer, nuclear precession magnetometer, optical pump magnetometer and superconducting magnetometer, and the sensitivity of these magnetometers is high. In that aspect of the magnetic sensitivity of a magnetometer, we mainly measure the relationship between the line width and the magnetic field of the atomic magnetic resonance spectral line. The magnetic field itself can be influenced by the factors such as space, temperature and humidity. Even in the steady-state environment, the magnetic field can change over time, so we consider the use of the uniform degree of the magnetic field instead of the magnetic field to measure. In this paper, the important application of the magnetometer in a number of fields is described first, the important influence of the relationship between the line width and the magnetic field of the magnetic resonance spectrum on the atomic magnetometer is described, and the main characteristics and the influencing factors of the relevant spectral line type and the line width of the atomic magnetometer are given. then the magnetic field generated by the current-carrying coil of different shapes is simulated and calculated according to the uniformity of the magnetic field required by the research group, and a physical rectangular coil group is manufactured according to the size of the simulation design, and the measurement is carried out; Finally, the magnetic resonance spectrum and the magnetic field homogeneity in the weak magnetic field and the strong magnetic field are studied. The main contents of this paper are as follows:1. The application and significance of the magnetic measurement technology are introduced in detail. The design scheme of several magnetometers is given, and the significance of the magnetic field uniformity to the magnetometer and its sensitivity is analyzed and the main contents of this paper are drawn out. The advantage of selecting Cs atom as a working substance is described, and the basic theory of the magnetic resonance line width involved in this paper is introduced in detail, and the influence of several line widths on the magnetometer is given. In this paper, the characteristics of the magnetic field generated by the traditional current-carrying circular coil and the Helmholtz coil and the system of the cesium atom magnetometer are discussed. The magnetic field generated by the commonly used circular coil and the optimized rectangular coil and the uniformity of the corresponding magnetic field in the experimental part are analyzed systematically. The magnetic field of the current-carrying circular and rectangular coil central part is simulated and analyzed, and the comparison and analysis are carried out, and the conclusion that the rectangular coil is more suitable for the high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer is obtained. The uniform region of the magnetic field is analyzed. according to the requirement of the magnetometer, a suitable material is selected to make a physical object, and the winding rectangular coil is measured to meet the expected uniformity requirement; and 5, the influence of the sensitivity of the cesium atom magnetometer and the spectral line width of the resonance spectrum on the magnetometer is analyzed, In that case of different magnetic field, the influence of the magnetic field on the resonance spectrum of the Cs atom D1 line and the relation between the magnetic field and the line width of the resonance line are studied. An increase in the magnetic field strength may also result in an attenuation of the relative intensity of the polarization spectrum. This chapter lays the foundation for the subsequent measurement of the large magnetic field, analyzes the possible spectral line characteristics, and gets the corresponding conclusion. The main innovative achievements of this paper are as follows:1. Considering the dual effects of the sensitivity of the magnetometer to the width of the magnetic resonance spectral line and the uniformity of the magnetic field, the resonance spectrum and the magnetic field uniformity are studied respectively, and the limitation of the uniformity of the magnetic field generated by the traditional Helmholtz coil is broken, The results show that the magnetic field is more uniform, the change of the magnetic field is not more than 1% in the range of the cesium bubble, and 3. For the strong magnetic environment in the magnetic shielding device, the influence of the non-linear seeman effect is taken into account, and the relationship between the width of the magnetic resonance spectral line and the magnetic field is further studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM936.1

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