【摘要】：隨著科技的迅速發(fā)展,電力系統(tǒng)相應發(fā)生許多變化:大容量發(fā)電機組普遍應用,電力系統(tǒng)互聯(lián)、電網(wǎng)電壓等級升高,負荷容量相對集中,直流輸電和新型電力電子控制裝置的應用等,但受環(huán)境和建設(shè)成本的限制,電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)卻相對薄弱,發(fā)電設(shè)備儲備量較少,系統(tǒng)常運行在重負荷條件下,現(xiàn)代敏感負荷所占比例越來越大,這些現(xiàn)狀使得電壓穩(wěn)定問題日益突出。本文在“廣東電網(wǎng)動態(tài)無功補償裝置優(yōu)化配置”研究課題上,深入研究暫態(tài)電壓穩(wěn)定及暫態(tài)電壓穩(wěn)定緊急控制措施。暫態(tài)電壓緊急控制是一種事故后控制,當電力系統(tǒng)處于緊急狀態(tài)下,通過采取適當?shù)拇胧?使電力系統(tǒng)恢復到正常狀態(tài)或者暫時進入恢復狀態(tài)的控制。常見的改善措施分為兩類:一類是安裝以靜止同步補償器為代表的動態(tài)無功補償裝置,另一類是緊急切負荷控制。針對兩種措施,分別搭建優(yōu)化模型,考慮電壓穩(wěn)定約束的同時控制成本最低,接著以電壓暫降概率為改善目標,協(xié)調(diào)控制無功補償和緊急切負荷。本文主要工作如下:首先,本文考慮暫態(tài)電壓穩(wěn)定,提出緊急切負荷優(yōu)化控制模型。以控制成本為優(yōu)化單目標函數(shù)。引入軌跡靈敏度法,將復雜非線性優(yōu)化控制模型轉(zhuǎn)化為靜態(tài)的線性整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型以簡化優(yōu)化難度。為了尋找最優(yōu)解,使用啟發(fā)式算法,提出Lsi指標,通過該數(shù)值的大小排序判斷各節(jié)點切負荷的改善程度,從而判斷切負荷地點和切負荷容量,通過實例仿真表明,該方法簡化計算的同時不存在迭代問題。然后,本文提出動態(tài)無功容量優(yōu)化模型。從敏感負荷角度出發(fā),把電壓暫降指標做為電壓改善目標。本文基于蒙特卡洛理論搭建故障模型,隨機生成故障發(fā)生類型和故障發(fā)生時間,統(tǒng)計并生成電壓暫降概率表。搭建電壓暫降費用模型,同時計及系統(tǒng)有功損耗費用和STATCOM補償裝置投資費用,生成年總支出費用建立優(yōu)化模型。通過曲線擬合方式求取暫降費用與容量函數(shù)關(guān)系,方便后續(xù)容量優(yōu)化計算。通過實例仿真,驗證方法的正確性和有效性。最后,本文提出緊急電壓協(xié)調(diào)控制策略。以電壓暫降概率指標為改善對象,同時考慮緊急切負荷控制和STATCOM動態(tài)無功補償,優(yōu)先進行STATCOM無功補償,如果不滿足要求再考慮緊急切負荷控制,協(xié)調(diào)配合,最大限度降低電壓暫降發(fā)生概率。通過實例仿真驗證得出電壓暫降發(fā)生概率大大降低,效果明顯。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, many changes have taken place in the power system: large capacity generating sets are widely used, power systems are connected, the voltage level of the power grid is increased, and the load capacity is relatively concentrated. The application of DC transmission and new power electronic control devices, but limited by the environment and construction cost, the power grid structure is relatively weak, the storage of power generation equipment is less, and the system often runs under heavy load conditions. The proportion of modern sensitive load is increasing, which makes the problem of voltage stability more and more prominent. In this paper, based on the research topic of "optimal configuration of dynamic reactive Power compensation device in Guangdong Power Grid", the transient voltage stability and emergency control measures of transient voltage stability are deeply studied. Transient voltage emergency control is a kind of post-accident control. When the power system is in a state of emergency, appropriate measures are taken to make the power system return to the normal state or temporarily enter the recovery state. The common improvement measures are divided into two categories: one is the installation of dynamic reactive power compensation devices represented by static synchronous compensators, the other is emergency load cutting control. According to the two measures, the optimization model is built respectively, and the control cost is the lowest considering the voltage stability constraint. Then, taking the voltage sag probability as the improvement goal, the reactive power compensation and emergency load shedding are coordinated and controlled. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, considering transient voltage stability, an emergency load shedding optimization control model is proposed. Take the control cost as the optimization single objective function. The trajectory sensitivity method is introduced to transform the complex nonlinear optimal control model into a static linear integer programming model to simplify the difficulty of optimization. In order to find the optimal solution, the heuristic algorithm is used to propose the Lsi index, and the improvement degree of load shedding of each node is judged by the order of the numerical value, so as to judge the load shedding place and load cutting capacity. This method simplifies the calculation and does not have the iterative problem at the same time. Then, a dynamic reactive capacity optimization model is proposed. From the point of view of sensitive load, the voltage sag index is taken as the target of voltage improvement. In this paper, based on Monte Carlo theory, the fault model is built, the fault occurrence type and fault occurrence time are randomly generated, and the voltage sag probability table is counted and generated. The voltage sag cost model is built, and the system active power loss cost and the investment cost of STATCOM compensation device are taken into account at the same time, and the annual total expenditure cost is generated to establish the optimization model. The relationship between sag cost and capacity function is obtained by curve fitting, which is convenient for subsequent capacity optimization calculation. The correctness and effectiveness of the method are verified by an example. Finally, an emergency voltage coordinated control strategy is proposed. Taking the probability index of voltage sag as the improvement object, considering the emergency load shedding control and STATCOM dynamic reactive power compensation, priority should be given to STATCOM reactive power compensation, and if the requirements are not met, the emergency load shedding control should be considered and coordinated. Minimize the probability of voltage sag. The simulation results show that the probability of voltage sag is greatly reduced and the effect is obvious.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM712

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