【摘要】：現(xiàn)代火力發(fā)電技術(shù)對(duì)動(dòng)力裝置越來(lái)越高的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性要求更加推動(dòng)了高性能透平機(jī)械密封技術(shù)的發(fā)展,由于先進(jìn)刷式密封技術(shù)可以顯著提高大型火電機(jī)組的可靠性及其工作效率,使得刷密封在電廠中得到越來(lái)越多的應(yīng)用,但在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間運(yùn)行后發(fā)現(xiàn)刷式密封與轉(zhuǎn)軸間產(chǎn)生的摩擦熱不僅對(duì)會(huì)刷絲產(chǎn)生影響,進(jìn)而影響封嚴(yán)特性和流場(chǎng)特性,而且還會(huì)影響轉(zhuǎn)子的固有振動(dòng)特性。因此有必要研究刷式密封流場(chǎng)特性和轉(zhuǎn)子-刷式密封系統(tǒng)流固耦合振動(dòng)特性,而這也體現(xiàn)了重要的科學(xué)價(jià)值和實(shí)用意義。本文首先研究了單根刷絲與轉(zhuǎn)子幾何與力學(xué)關(guān)系,進(jìn)而得到了整圈刷絲對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子作用力表達(dá)式；然后類比Thomas八參數(shù)模型,對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子-刷式密封作用力進(jìn)行二次多項(xiàng)式擬合,按照Taylor公式展開(kāi),可得到支撐剛度系數(shù)表達(dá)式,并推導(dǎo)出易于應(yīng)用的轉(zhuǎn)子-刷式密封剛度模型,并進(jìn)行了仿真模擬,為第三章和第五章轉(zhuǎn)子-刷式密封-軸承系統(tǒng)模態(tài)分析提供了模型基礎(chǔ)。介紹了有限元分析求解方法及有限元方程,同時(shí)對(duì)相應(yīng)的建模單元進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單介紹,然后根據(jù)某電廠實(shí)際10OOMW機(jī)組建立有限元模型。利用不含有熱應(yīng)力和離心力的模態(tài)分析求解出固有頻率及振型。對(duì)有限元數(shù)值仿真結(jié)果與電廠所提供數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)仿真結(jié)果比較精確,從而驗(yàn)證了所建模型正確,為第五章流固耦合作用下的模態(tài)分析打下了基礎(chǔ)。研究了轉(zhuǎn)子-刷式密封系統(tǒng)流場(chǎng)特性。建立了多孔介質(zhì)數(shù)值分析模型,通過(guò)采用經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式計(jì)算出刷式密封粘性阻力系數(shù)和慣性阻力系數(shù),然后采用ANSYS Workbench協(xié)同平臺(tái)中的FLUENT模塊數(shù)值求解了刷式密封出口泄漏率,并與文獻(xiàn)中的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比照,間接驗(yàn)證了采用此方法計(jì)算阻力系數(shù)的合理性和正確性；然后進(jìn)行刷式密封流場(chǎng)和溫度場(chǎng)分析,同時(shí)研究了比壓、轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)溫度場(chǎng)的影響及壓差、轉(zhuǎn)速、干涉量和摩擦熱流量對(duì)最高溫度的影響。研究了轉(zhuǎn)子-刷式密封系統(tǒng)流體-熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合作用對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子應(yīng)力及變形的影響。在第三章流場(chǎng)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,采用FLUENT模塊和Static Structural模塊,進(jìn)行了流體-熱-結(jié)構(gòu)單向流固耦合仿真計(jì)算,重點(diǎn)考慮了同時(shí)加載流場(chǎng)溫度載荷和離心力載荷情況下,轉(zhuǎn)速及干涉量對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子應(yīng)力和變形的影響。應(yīng)用Moda膜塊和Mechanical APDI模塊對(duì)含有熱應(yīng)力和離心力的轉(zhuǎn)子進(jìn)行了模態(tài)分析,并與第三章無(wú)流固耦合時(shí)的模態(tài)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,分析了流固耦合作用對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子固有振動(dòng)特性的影響。
[Abstract]:Modern thermal power generation technology has promoted the development of high performance turbine mechanical sealing technology because of the higher and higher technical and economic requirements of power plant. Because the advanced brush sealing technology can significantly improve the reliability and working efficiency of large thermal power units, brush sealing has been more and more used in power plants. However, after a long period of operation, it is found that the friction heat between the brush seal and the rotating shaft not only affects the wire brushing, and then affects the sealing characteristics and flow field characteristics, but also affects the natural vibration characteristics of the rotor. Therefore, it is necessary to study the flow field characteristics of brush seal and the fluid-solid coupling vibration characteristics of rotor-brush seal system, which also reflects important scientific value and practical significance. In this paper, the relationship between the geometry and mechanics of a single brush wire and the rotor is studied, and then the expression of the force acting on the rotor by the whole circle brush wire is obtained. Then, by analogy with Thomas eight-parameter model, the rotor-brush seal force is fitted by quadratic multinomial fitting, and the expression of support stiffness coefficient can be obtained according to Taylor formula, and the rotor-brush seal stiffness model is deduced, which is easy to be applied. The simulation is carried out, which provides the model basis for the modal analysis of rotor-brush seal-bearing system in chapter 3 and chapter 5. The finite element analysis method and finite element equation are introduced. at the same time, the corresponding modeling element is briefly introduced, and then the finite element model is established according to the actual 10OOMW unit of a power plant. The natural frequency and vibration mode are solved by modal analysis without thermal stress and centrifugal force. The finite element numerical simulation results are compared with the data provided by the power plant, and it is found that the simulation results are more accurate, which verifies the correctness of the model and lays a foundation for the modal analysis under the action of fluid-solid coupling in the fifth chapter. The flow field characteristics of rotor-brush seal system are studied. The numerical analysis model of porous media is established, and the viscous resistance coefficient and inertia resistance coefficient of brush seal are calculated by using empirical formula, and then the leakage rate of brush seal outlet is solved by using FLUENT module in ANSYS Workbench collaborative platform. Compared with the experimental data in the literature, the rationality and correctness of using this method to calculate the resistance coefficient are indirectly verified. Then the flow field and temperature field of brush seal are analyzed. at the same time, the effects of specific pressure and rotating speed on the temperature field and the effects of pressure difference, rotating speed, interference and friction heat flow on the maximum temperature are studied. The effect of fluid-thermal-structure coupling on the stress and deformation of rotor-brush seal system is studied. On the basis of the flow field analysis in the third chapter, the fluid-thermal-structure unidirectional fluid-solid coupling simulation is carried out by using FLUENT module and Static Structural module, with emphasis on the simultaneous loading of flow field temperature load and centrifugal force load. The influence of rotating speed and interference on the stress and deformation of rotor. The modal analysis of rotor with thermal stress and centrifugal force is carried out by using Moda film block and Mechanical APDI module, and compared with the mode without fluid-solid coupling in chapter 3, the influence of fluid-solid coupling on the natural vibration characteristics of rotor is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM621

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