【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展以及傳統(tǒng)化石能源的日益減少，世界范圍的環(huán)境污染和能源短缺己經(jīng)成為制約人類社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要因素。電動汽車以電能作為動力來源，行駛過程中不污染環(huán)境，是未來汽車行業(yè)的主要發(fā)展方向，電動汽車充放電站作為相應(yīng)的配套設(shè)施，也得到了廣泛關(guān)注和研究。 本文以電動汽車充放電站的幾個關(guān)鍵技術(shù)作為研究對象，對充電站的諧波治理、快速充放電技術(shù)、充電站接入電網(wǎng)技術(shù)以及光儲式充電站進(jìn)行了研究，具體研究內(nèi)容及成果如下： 首先分析了充電機(jī)的諧波特點(diǎn)，創(chuàng)新性地提出一種基于基波諧振原理、基波磁通補(bǔ)償原理和傳統(tǒng)無源濾波器相結(jié)合的濾波改進(jìn)方法。通過理論分析和對單臺和多臺充電機(jī)諧波治理的仿真表明，所提濾波方法能夠有效濾除電網(wǎng)中的電流和電壓諧波，使其總畸變率分別控制在5%和1%以內(nèi)，基本保證了電流和電壓波形的正弦特性。 其次，設(shè)計了充放電機(jī)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，由一個可逆PWM整流器和多個并聯(lián)的雙向DC/DC變換器串聯(lián)而成。對PWM整流器設(shè)計了基于LCL濾波的前饋解耦雙閉環(huán)控制策略，并采用無源阻尼法消除諧振；對DC/DC變換器設(shè)計了基于電池不同充放電方式的控制策略，主要有電流控制、電壓控制和電壓電流雙閉環(huán)控制。本文使用脈沖充電和恒流放電的充放電方式在MATLAB上仿真，結(jié)果證明了所設(shè)計的充放電機(jī)具有良好的動態(tài)和穩(wěn)定性能，能夠滿足電動汽車快速充放電的需要。 然后，從電動汽車與電網(wǎng)的交互(V2G)出發(fā)，提出電動汽車接入電網(wǎng)的幾種方式，在對微電源并網(wǎng)逆變器控制方法研究的基礎(chǔ)上，以電動汽車放電時的并網(wǎng)逆變器為研究對象，建立其PQ控制的并網(wǎng)模型，仿真結(jié)果表明所設(shè)計的控制器具有較好的跟隨性，實(shí)現(xiàn)了電動汽車放電時的成功并網(wǎng)。 最后，針對光儲式充電站，詳細(xì)分析了充電站并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行和孤島運(yùn)行時，各個子系統(tǒng)的工作關(guān)系，并設(shè)計了充電站的三層控制系統(tǒng)。對充電站孤島運(yùn)行進(jìn)行研究，重點(diǎn)是下垂控制理論，并設(shè)計了下垂控制器，建立了充電站孤島運(yùn)行時的MATLAB仿真模型，對充電站負(fù)荷突變和微電源電壓下降兩種情況進(jìn)行仿真，結(jié)果證明了本文所設(shè)計的下垂控制器具有較快的響應(yīng)速度和良好的穩(wěn)定性，滿足光儲式充電站孤島運(yùn)行的要求。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industry and the decrease of traditional fossil energy, environmental pollution and energy shortage in the world have become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of human society. Electric vehicle takes electric energy as the power source and does not pollute the environment in the driving process. It is the main developing direction of the automobile industry in the future. The charging and discharging station of electric vehicle, as the corresponding supporting facility, has also received extensive attention and research. This paper takes several key technologies of electric vehicle charging and discharging station as the research object, studies the harmonic treatment of charging station, the rapid charging and discharging technology, the charging station connecting to the power network and the optical storage charging station. The specific research contents and results are as follows: firstly, the harmonic characteristics of the charger are analyzed, and an improved filtering method based on the fundamental resonance principle, the fundamental flux compensation principle and the traditional passive filter is proposed. Through theoretical analysis and simulation of harmonic control of single and multiple chargers, it is shown that the proposed filtering method can effectively filter the current and voltage harmonics in the power network, and the total distortion rate is controlled within 5% and 1% respectively. The sinusoidal characteristics of current and voltage waveforms are basically guaranteed. Secondly, the topology of the charging and discharging machine is designed, which consists of a reversible PWM rectifier and several parallel bi-directional DC/DC converters in series. The feedforward decoupling double closed loop control strategy based on LCL filter is designed for PWM rectifier, and the passive damping method is used to eliminate the resonance. The control strategies of DC/DC converter based on different charging and discharging modes of battery are designed, including current control, voltage control and voltage and current double closed loop control. In this paper, pulse charging and constant-current discharge charging and discharging methods are used to simulate on MATLAB. The results show that the designed charge-discharge machine has good dynamic and stable performance and can meet the needs of rapid charging and discharging of electric vehicles. Then, based on the interaction between electric vehicle and power grid (V2G), several ways of connecting electric vehicle to grid are put forward. Based on the research of the control method of grid-connected inverter with micro-power supply, the grid-connected inverter when electric vehicle discharges is taken as the research object. The grid-connected model of its PQ control is established, and the simulation results show that the controller designed has good follow-ability, and realizes the successful grid-connection of electric vehicle when it discharges. Finally, the working relationship of each subsystem is analyzed in detail when the charging station is grid-connected and islanding, and the three-layer control system of the charging station is designed. This paper studies the island operation of charging station, focuses on the droop control theory, designs the droop controller, establishes the MATLAB simulation model of the charging station island operation, and simulates the load abrupt change and the voltage drop of the charging station. The results show that the droop controller designed in this paper has fast response speed and good stability, and meets the requirements of isolated island operation of optical storage charging station.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海電力學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U469.72;TM910.6

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