【摘要】：目前,高壓、大功率逆變器得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,其中主要以多電平逆變器為主。雖然多電平逆變器具有器件耐壓要求低、等效開關(guān)頻率高、輸出波形好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但也有自身的缺陷。它需要的功率開關(guān)器件較多,結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜,從而運(yùn)行故障機(jī)率增大,不僅增加了逆變器的維護(hù)成本,而且降低了系統(tǒng)的工作可靠性。一旦多電平逆變器發(fā)生故障會直接影響生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量和安全,產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的損失。因此,多電平逆變器的故障診斷問題,已經(jīng)成為目前的研究熱點(diǎn),快速診斷出多電平逆變器故障,能有效降低生產(chǎn)損失,具有重要的實(shí)際意義和經(jīng)濟(jì)價值。本文以多電平逆變器中最常用的NPC三電平逆變器為研究對象,分析了NPC三電平逆變器開路故障后的表現(xiàn)形式,并由此提出了基于小波包變換和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的NPC三電平逆變器故障診斷方法。本文首先從NPC三電平逆變器的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理出發(fā),介紹了NPC三電平逆變器的故障類型,通過Matlab/Simulink軟件搭建了故障模型并進(jìn)行了仿真分析。其次,研究了小波分析和BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在故障診斷中的應(yīng)用,采用小波包變換對故障電壓信號進(jìn)行了小波包分解,提取小波包能量值并構(gòu)造出特征向量,作為神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的輸入,然后設(shè)計(jì)了神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障分類器,以此對NPC三電平逆變器進(jìn)行故障診斷,通過仿真數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證了本文所提出方法的可行性和有效性。最后,搭建了基于DSP芯片控制的NPC三電平逆變器實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺,在該平臺上對逆變器的各種開路故障進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn),并給出了實(shí)驗(yàn)故障波形,通過Matlab GUIDE(圖形用戶界面開發(fā)環(huán)境)完成了NPC三電平逆變器故障診斷系統(tǒng)的界面設(shè)計(jì),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明該故障診斷系統(tǒng)操作簡單、實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、具有很高的故障診斷能力,從而也驗(yàn)證了本文所提出故障診斷方法的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:At present, high-voltage and high-power inverters are widely used, among which multilevel inverter is the main. Although the multilevel inverter has the advantages of low voltage requirement, high equivalent switching frequency and good output waveform, it also has its own defects. It requires more power switch devices and complex structure, which increases the probability of running failure, which not only increases the maintenance cost of the inverter, but also reduces the reliability of the system. Once the multilevel inverter fails, it will directly affect the quality and safety of production, resulting in serious losses. Therefore, the fault diagnosis of multilevel inverter has become a hot research topic at present. It has important practical significance and economic value to quickly diagnose the fault of multilevel inverter, which can effectively reduce the loss of production. In this paper, the NPC three-level inverter, which is the most commonly used multilevel inverter, is taken as the research object, and the performance of NPC three-level inverter after open circuit fault is analyzed. A fault diagnosis method for NPC three-level inverter based on wavelet packet transform and neural network is proposed. Based on the topology and working principle of NPC three-level inverter, the fault types of NPC three-level inverter are introduced in this paper. The fault model is built by Matlab/Simulink software and the simulation analysis is carried out. Secondly, the application of wavelet analysis and BP neural network in fault diagnosis is studied. Wavelet packet transform is used to decompose the fault voltage signal, extract the energy value of wavelet packet and construct the eigenvector as the input of neural network. Then a neural network fault classifier is designed for fault diagnosis of NPC three-level inverter. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by simulation data. Finally, the experimental platform of NPC three-level inverter based on DSP chip is built, and various open circuit faults of the inverter are tested on the platform, and the experimental fault waveform is given. The interface design of NPC three-level inverter fault diagnosis system is completed by Matlab GUIDE (graphical user interface development environment. The experimental results show that the fault diagnosis system is simple, practical and has high fault diagnosis ability. Thus, the feasibility and effectiveness of the fault diagnosis method proposed in this paper are also verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM464

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