【摘要】：無刷直流電機(jī)（BLDCM）既具有交流電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、運行可靠、維護(hù)方便等一系列優(yōu)點，又具有直流電機(jī)的運行效率高、勵磁損耗小以及調(diào)速性能好等諸多特點，使它一經(jīng)出現(xiàn)就以極快的速度得到發(fā)展和普及。在航空航天和汽車工業(yè)等能量有限的供電系統(tǒng)中，由于無刷直流電機(jī)的功率較大，對驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的效率和可靠性都要求較高，研究無刷直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動效率，并實現(xiàn)高效驅(qū)動，具有迫切需求。本文圍繞BLDCM驅(qū)動效率，開展了BLDCM高效驅(qū)動控制技術(shù)研究，主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下： 1.在闡述了課題的背景、意義以及國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，詳細(xì)分析了無刷直流電機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理以及數(shù)學(xué)模型，基于Matlab/Simulink仿真軟件建立了無刷直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的仿真模型，以TI公司的TMS320F2812DSP為主控芯片，研制了無刷直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的實驗樣機(jī)，實驗樣機(jī)和仿真模型具有較好的吻合度。 2.基于整體驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)，推導(dǎo)了逆變電路損耗和電機(jī)損耗。為減小逆變電路損耗，采用了一種新型驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)主電路及其控制方法，通過添加前級雙向級聯(lián)Buck-Boost電路，利用同步整流技術(shù)減小逆變電路的開關(guān)損耗和續(xù)流損耗。新型驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的相電流較為平直，能夠很好地消除續(xù)流損耗，減小開關(guān)損耗和電機(jī)鐵耗，抑制轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動，達(dá)到高效驅(qū)動的目的。 3.為提高電機(jī)運行中的驅(qū)動效率，研究了不同驅(qū)動方式對驅(qū)動效率的影響，，分析了空間矢量脈寬調(diào)制（SVPWM）的基本原理，編寫了驅(qū)動控制程序，實現(xiàn)了無刷直流電機(jī)正弦波SVPWM驅(qū)動控制。試驗對比了PWM驅(qū)動和SVPWM驅(qū)動，結(jié)果表明，相比方波PWM驅(qū)動，開關(guān)損耗最小SVPWM驅(qū)動效率提高1.5%，常規(guī)SVPWM驅(qū)動效率提高2.5%。 4.為進(jìn)一步提高驅(qū)動效率，研究了能量回饋制動控制技術(shù)。在分析了其控制原理和調(diào)制方式的基礎(chǔ)上，推導(dǎo)了不同調(diào)制方式下的數(shù)學(xué)模型，針對傳統(tǒng)恒轉(zhuǎn)矩回饋制動方式中逆變電路損耗較大的缺點，提出了基于同步整流技術(shù)的回饋制動控制新方法，得出了調(diào)制導(dǎo)通功率器件的邏輯順序，新型控制方法既能高效回饋能量，又能縮短制動時間。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor (BLDCM) not only has a series of advantages such as simple structure, reliable operation, convenient maintenance and so on, but also has many characteristics such as high running efficiency, low excitation loss and good speed regulation performance. As soon as it appears, it can be developed and popularized at an extremely fast rate. In the power supply system with limited energy, such as aerospace and automobile industry, because of the large power of brushless DC motor, the efficiency and reliability of the drive system are all required, so the drive efficiency of brushless DC motor is studied, and the efficient drive is realized. There is an urgent need. This paper focuses on the efficiency of BLDCM drive, and carries out the research of BLDCM efficient drive control technology. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. Based on the background and significance of the subject and the current research situation at home and abroad, the basic structure, working principle and mathematical model of brushless DC motor are analyzed in detail. The simulation model of brushless DC motor drive system is established based on Matlab/Simulink simulation software. The experimental prototype of brushless DC motor drive system is developed with TMS320F2812DSP of TI company as main control chip. The experimental prototype has good agreement with the simulation model. 2. Based on the whole drive system, the inverter circuit loss and motor loss are deduced. In order to reduce the loss of inverter circuit, a new drive system main circuit and its control method are adopted. By adding the front-stage bi-directional cascade Buck-Boost circuit, synchronous rectifier technology is used to reduce the switching loss and the continuous current loss of the inverter circuit. The phase current of the new drive system is flat, which can eliminate the continuous current loss, reduce the switching loss and the motor iron loss, restrain the torque ripple, and achieve the purpose of high efficiency drive. In order to improve the driving efficiency of the motor, the influence of different driving modes on the driving efficiency is studied, the basic principle of the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is analyzed, and the driving control program is compiled. The sinusoidal SVPWM drive control of brushless DC motor is realized. The experimental results show that compared with square wave PWM drive, the minimum SVPWM drive efficiency of switch loss is improved by 1.5 and the driving efficiency of conventional SVPWM is increased by 2.5.4. In order to further improve the driving efficiency, the energy feedback braking control technology is studied. Based on the analysis of its control principle and modulation mode, the mathematical models of different modulation modes are derived. A new feedback braking control method based on synchronous rectifier technology is proposed. The logical sequence of modulating and conducting power devices is obtained. The new control method can not only efficiently feedback energy but also shorten braking time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM33

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