【摘要】：近幾年，微電子技術(shù)和無(wú)線通訊技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展，便攜式低功耗設(shè)備逐漸走入我們的生活。然而以化學(xué)電池為主的傳統(tǒng)供電方式存在諸多弊端，如電量有限、需要定期充電、污染環(huán)境等，一些設(shè)備如海上浮標(biāo)、海下探測(cè)儀等由于安裝地點(diǎn)的限制難以定期充電和更換電池，如何為這些低功耗設(shè)備提供穩(wěn)定的電能成為亟待解決的問(wèn)題。目前，研究人員已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)了多種利用太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能、海浪能、人體運(yùn)動(dòng)能的能量采集裝置，均難以直接獲得持續(xù)穩(wěn)定的電能。 本文提出了一種新型擺動(dòng)式機(jī)械能俘能裝置，不僅能夠收集周?chē)h(huán)境中隨機(jī)性強(qiáng)、波動(dòng)大的能量，還能為微型發(fā)電機(jī)提供穩(wěn)定的轉(zhuǎn)速，以獲得穩(wěn)定的電能。該俘能裝置由扭轉(zhuǎn)彈簧擰緊機(jī)構(gòu)、擒縱調(diào)速機(jī)構(gòu)、傳動(dòng)輪系等部分組成，在外部激勵(lì)下能夠依靠擺錘的慣性收集周?chē)h(huán)境中的動(dòng)能和位能。其中扭簧擰緊機(jī)構(gòu)能夠?qū)[錘的雙向擺動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榕せ傻膯蜗驍Q緊運(yùn)動(dòng)。擰緊的扭簧能夠輸出相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的轉(zhuǎn)矩，因此環(huán)境中隨機(jī)的、波動(dòng)幅度較大的能量被轉(zhuǎn)化為相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的扭簧勢(shì)能。在擒縱調(diào)速機(jī)構(gòu)的控制下，扭簧勢(shì)能以一定速率釋放，經(jīng)過(guò)加速輪系提速后通過(guò)單向離合器帶動(dòng)微型發(fā)電機(jī)產(chǎn)生電能。由于調(diào)速機(jī)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)頻率取決于擺輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量和游絲剛度，通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)游絲剛度可以調(diào)節(jié)擒縱調(diào)速機(jī)構(gòu)頻率，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)輸出轉(zhuǎn)速和輸出功率的控制。 本文首先介紹擺動(dòng)式機(jī)械能俘能裝置的工作原理和設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程，對(duì)關(guān)鍵機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)鉤形式、安裝與固定方式、位置分布、傳動(dòng)關(guān)系都進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。接著建立了扭簧擰緊過(guò)程的數(shù)學(xué)模型，進(jìn)行了數(shù)值仿真與動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真，研究外部激勵(lì)與擺錘參數(shù)對(duì)扭簧擰緊過(guò)程的影響。之后建立了擒縱調(diào)速機(jī)構(gòu)的三體碰撞模型與各工作階段的運(yùn)動(dòng)方程，進(jìn)行了數(shù)值仿真與動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真，，研究了扭簧力矩，游絲剛度等參數(shù)對(duì)調(diào)速機(jī)構(gòu)工作狀況的影響。最后研制了實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī)，并應(yīng)用音頻和視頻處理方法研究試驗(yàn)中游絲長(zhǎng)度、扭簧力矩對(duì)擺輪運(yùn)動(dòng)頻率、幅值的影響。由于時(shí)間緊迫，暫時(shí)未能完成對(duì)裝置的發(fā)電性能的研究，將來(lái)將繼續(xù)相關(guān)研究。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of microelectronics and wireless communication technology, portable low-power equipment has gradually entered our life. However, there are many disadvantages in the traditional power supply mode, such as limited power supply, need to be recharged regularly, pollution of the environment, and some equipment such as offshore buoys. Due to the limitation of installation location, it is difficult to charge and replace batteries regularly, so how to provide stable electric energy for these low-power devices becomes an urgent problem to be solved. At present, researchers have developed a variety of energy acquisition devices that use solar, wind, wave and human motion energy, which are difficult to obtain sustained and stable electric energy directly. In this paper, a new type of oscillating mechanical energy capture device is proposed, which can not only collect the random and fluctuating energy in the surrounding environment, but also provide a stable rotational speed for the miniature generator to obtain stable electric energy. The device is composed of torsion spring tightening mechanism, escapement and speed regulating mechanism, transmission gear train and so on. Under external excitation, the kinetic energy and potential energy in surrounding environment can be collected by means of inertia of pendulum. The torsion spring tightening mechanism can change the two-way swing of the pendulum into one-way tightening motion of the torsion spring. The tightening torsion spring can output relatively stable torque, so the random and fluctuating energy in the environment is converted into the relatively stable torsion spring potential energy. Under the control of escapement and speed regulation mechanism, the potential energy of torsion spring is released at a certain rate, and the electric energy is generated by the unidirectional clutch after accelerating the speed of gear train. Since the vibration frequency of the speed regulating mechanism depends on the moment of inertia and the stiffness of the swinging wheel, the frequency of the escapement speed regulating mechanism can be adjusted by adjusting the swinging wire stiffness, and then the output speed and output power can be controlled. This paper first introduces the working principle and design process of the swing mechanical energy capture device, and introduces in detail the connection form, installation and fixation mode, position distribution and transmission relation of the key mechanism. Then the mathematical model of the torsion spring tightening process is established and the effects of external excitation and pendulum parameters on the torsion spring tightening process are studied by numerical simulation and dynamic simulation. After that, the three-body collision model of escapement speed regulating mechanism and the motion equation of each working stage are established, and the numerical and dynamic simulation are carried out, and the effects of torsion spring moment, filament stiffness and other parameters on the working condition of the speed regulating mechanism are studied. Finally, the experimental prototype is developed, and the effects of filament length and torsion spring moment on the frequency and amplitude of the swing wheel are studied by using audio and video processing methods. Due to the shortage of time, the research on the power generation performance of the plant can not be completed for the time being and will continue to be studied in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM61

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