【摘要】：儲能技術(shù)被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代電力系統(tǒng)中繼“采-發(fā)-輸-配-用”五大環(huán)節(jié)后的第六大環(huán)節(jié)“儲”。鋰離子電池成本低、效率高，具有循環(huán)壽命長、無污染，兼具高比能量與高比功率等獨特的性能優(yōu)勢，被認(rèn)為最具前景的電池體系，已在移動通信、電動汽車、航空航天、電氣工程等領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用，革命性地改變了人們生產(chǎn)生活的方式。目前以磷酸鐵鋰電池為代表的鋰離子電池已從電池本體的小容量應(yīng)用發(fā)展到大規(guī)模的系統(tǒng)建設(shè)應(yīng)用，，成為現(xiàn)代電力系統(tǒng)儲能裝置的理想選擇之一。本文以磷酸鐵鋰電池為代表分析鋰電池的結(jié)構(gòu)特點、工作機(jī)理，建立其準(zhǔn)確的仿真模型，設(shè)計鋰電儲能并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)，研究其對電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定性的影響。 本文分析了磷酸鐵鋰電池結(jié)構(gòu)特點、工作特性和運(yùn)行機(jī)理，在充分研究電池建模理論的基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)了電化學(xué)機(jī)理和外特性等效電路兩方面的建模工作。其中電化學(xué)建模方面，經(jīng)適當(dāng)假設(shè)、合理簡化，提出了平均濃度建模方法，建立了具有機(jī)理性、不失準(zhǔn)確性、兼具簡易性和通用性的“鋰離子電池電化學(xué)平均模型”。等效電路建模方面，依托公認(rèn)效果最好的混合電路模型，進(jìn)一步完善、創(chuàng)新，形成了由電壓響應(yīng)模型和容量預(yù)測模型聯(lián)合組成的新型的綜合等效電路模型。其中電壓響應(yīng)模型充分考慮了SoC、溫度、電流倍率等影響，同時建立了鋰電池通用的熱力電路模型；容量預(yù)測模型充分結(jié)合電化學(xué)理論，實現(xiàn)了存儲容量衰減、循環(huán)容量衰減和電流動態(tài)效應(yīng)三方面聯(lián)合建模，給出了對應(yīng)的實驗方法和參數(shù)辨識步驟。通過仿真驗證，表明所建模型均實現(xiàn)了應(yīng)有功能、達(dá)到了預(yù)期效果。 在電池模型基礎(chǔ)上，繼而對鋰電儲能并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)研究，包括并網(wǎng)拓?fù)涞姆治雠c建模、新型LCL三階濾波器的設(shè)計與計算、控制策略的選擇與應(yīng)用等。實現(xiàn)了鋰電儲能用于平滑/平抑波動功率的PQ實時功率控制策略和維持穩(wěn)定的V/f下垂控制策略，同時提出了基于能量約束的鋰電儲能系統(tǒng)控制流程。通過在Matlab/simulink中建立微網(wǎng)儲能系統(tǒng)模型，仿真驗證了鋰電并網(wǎng)拓?fù)�、濾波結(jié)構(gòu)及相關(guān)控制策略的有效性和實用性，奠定了鋰電儲能應(yīng)于電力系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)。 最后仿真研究了鋰電儲能對電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定性的影響。首先根據(jù)電池基本模型適當(dāng)修正、調(diào)整，結(jié)合逆變器的工作原理、電壓變換和功率分布等數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系，建立了儲能逆變系統(tǒng)的等效電路，進(jìn)而依據(jù)控制理論形成了適于穩(wěn)定研究的線性增量模型。然后分別建立了接入鋰電儲能的單機(jī)無窮大和兩區(qū)域互聯(lián)系統(tǒng)模型，驗證仿真了鋰電儲能對功角穩(wěn)定和頻率穩(wěn)定的影響效果，并定性討論了容量的配置問題。
[Abstract]:Energy storage technology is considered to be the sixth major link of modern power system relay "mining, generating, transmitting, distributing and using" after "five major links". Li-ion battery has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, long cycle life, no pollution, high specific energy and high specific power, and is considered the most promising battery system. It has been used in mobile communication, electric vehicle, aerospace, etc. Electrical engineering and other fields are widely used, revolutionizing the way people produce and live. At present, lithium ion battery, represented by lithium iron phosphate battery, has developed from small capacity application of battery body to large-scale system construction application, and has become one of the ideal options for modern power system energy storage devices. In this paper, the structure characteristics and working mechanism of lithium phosphate battery are analyzed, its accurate simulation model is established, the system of lithium electric energy storage and grid connection is designed, and its influence on the stability of power grid is studied. In this paper, the structure, working characteristics and operation mechanism of lithium iron phosphate battery are analyzed. Based on the study of the modeling theory of the battery, the modeling work of electrochemical mechanism and equivalent circuit with external characteristics is realized. In electrochemical modeling, a modeling method of average concentration is put forward after proper assumption and reasonable simplification, and a "electrochemical average model of lithium ion battery" with mechanical rationality, no loss of accuracy and both simplicity and versatility is established. In the aspect of equivalent circuit modeling, a new type of integrated equivalent circuit model, which is composed of voltage response model and capacity prediction model, is formed by further improvement and innovation based on the best hybrid circuit model. The voltage response model fully takes into account the influence of SoC, temperature and current rate, and establishes the general thermal circuit model of lithium battery, and the capacity prediction model combines the electrochemical theory to realize the storage capacity attenuation. Combined modeling of cyclic capacity attenuation and current dynamic effect, the corresponding experimental method and parameter identification steps are given. The simulation results show that all the models have achieved the expected function. On the basis of the battery model, the lithium-electric energy storage grid-connected system is studied in detail, including the analysis and modeling of grid-connected topology, the design and calculation of a new LCL third-order filter, the selection and application of control strategy, etc. The PQ real-time power control strategy and the V / F droop control strategy for smooth / steady fluctuating power are realized. At the same time, the control flow of lithium energy storage system based on energy constraints is proposed. By establishing the model of microgrid energy storage system in Matlab/simulink, the effectiveness and practicability of lithium-ion grid-connected topology, filter structure and related control strategies are verified by simulation, which lays the foundation for lithium energy storage to be applied to power system. Finally, the influence of lithium energy storage on power grid stability is simulated. The equivalent circuit of the energy storage inverter system is established according to the mathematical relations of the basic model of the battery, such as the principle of the inverter, the voltage conversion and the power distribution, according to the appropriate modification and adjustment of the basic model of the battery. Based on the control theory, a linear incremental model suitable for stability research is established. Then, the infinite and two-area interconnected system models of single machine connected to lithium energy storage are established, and the effects of lithium energy storage on power angle stability and frequency stability are verified and simulated, and the problem of capacity configuration is discussed qualitatively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM912

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