【摘要】：隨著電機(jī)領(lǐng)域相關(guān)技術(shù)的提高，高效高功率密度電機(jī)成為發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。YJKK系列緊湊型高壓電機(jī)是我國(guó)電機(jī)行業(yè)的新生產(chǎn)品，比原YKK系列電機(jī)中心高平均降低兩個(gè)等級(jí)，體積的減小使表面散熱面積減小，同時(shí)功率密度和電壓等級(jí)的增加，使得人們對(duì)其起動(dòng)特性及溫升情況尤為關(guān)心。電機(jī)負(fù)載起動(dòng)時(shí)，起動(dòng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，起動(dòng)電流會(huì)使繞組溫度迅速升高，較大負(fù)載可能導(dǎo)致電機(jī)不能正常起動(dòng)。而起動(dòng)過(guò)程定、轉(zhuǎn)子阻抗及起動(dòng)電流是判斷繞組溫升的重要依據(jù)；起動(dòng)特性(電流-轉(zhuǎn)速、轉(zhuǎn)矩-轉(zhuǎn)速)是衡量感應(yīng)電機(jī)起動(dòng)運(yùn)行性能、判斷電機(jī)能否正常起動(dòng)的重要指標(biāo)；用戶(hù)需要根據(jù)電機(jī)起動(dòng)阻抗及起動(dòng)特性來(lái)選擇合理的起動(dòng)設(shè)備，減少起動(dòng)過(guò)程故障的發(fā)生。 對(duì)于高壓電機(jī)，試驗(yàn)方法測(cè)取起動(dòng)過(guò)程動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)及起動(dòng)特性不易實(shí)現(xiàn)，需要一種切實(shí)可行的方法進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算。本文根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)感應(yīng)電機(jī)起動(dòng)特性、阻抗及溫升的研究現(xiàn)狀，分析總結(jié)目前計(jì)算方法中的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，深入研究電機(jī)起動(dòng)過(guò)程電、磁、熱之間的關(guān)系，提出電機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)、起動(dòng)特性及動(dòng)態(tài)溫升的計(jì)算方法。 本文對(duì)起動(dòng)過(guò)程電機(jī)內(nèi)的飽和效應(yīng)和集膚效應(yīng)進(jìn)行研究。根據(jù)動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程電機(jī)內(nèi)磁通的分布情況，采用磁網(wǎng)絡(luò)法對(duì)電機(jī)內(nèi)飽和漏磁通進(jìn)行計(jì)算。緊湊型高壓電機(jī)，少極數(shù)時(shí)定子軛部較長(zhǎng)，且磁通密度較高，軛部飽和嚴(yán)重；另外，，為改善磁密分布，緊湊型高壓電機(jī)常采用磁性槽楔。因此，建立磁網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型時(shí)，需要考慮電機(jī)軛部飽和及磁性槽楔的影響。為提高計(jì)算的準(zhǔn)確性，建立了電機(jī)齒槽相對(duì)和齒齒相對(duì)兩種位置下的磁網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型，根據(jù)磁路的定律對(duì)漏磁通進(jìn)行計(jì)算。建立了分層法模型模擬集膚效應(yīng)，對(duì)槽高進(jìn)行離散，給出了集膚系數(shù)的計(jì)算方法。 電機(jī)起動(dòng)屬于瞬態(tài)過(guò)程，需要用動(dòng)態(tài)理論來(lái)分析電機(jī)起動(dòng)特性。為減少計(jì)算量，根據(jù)坐標(biāo)變換和矢量變換的理論推導(dǎo)出感應(yīng)電機(jī)在兩相坐標(biāo)系下的狀態(tài)方程。結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)系的運(yùn)動(dòng)方程，給出了起動(dòng)電流、電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩、起動(dòng)時(shí)間的計(jì)算方法，公式簡(jiǎn)單、計(jì)算方便、可節(jié)省計(jì)算時(shí)間。 建立并求解電機(jī)風(fēng)阻網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型，得到電機(jī)內(nèi)部冷卻氣體流量的分布，結(jié)合電機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)特性曲線(xiàn)對(duì)電機(jī)發(fā)熱和散熱進(jìn)行計(jì)算，得到起動(dòng)過(guò)程電機(jī)繞組平均溫升的變化曲線(xiàn)。根據(jù)繞組溫升限值對(duì)電機(jī)起動(dòng)過(guò)程發(fā)生堵轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)的安全運(yùn)行時(shí)間進(jìn)行計(jì)算，分析了不同負(fù)載對(duì)電機(jī)溫升的影響。 考慮起動(dòng)過(guò)程電機(jī)阻抗、電流及溫升之間的相互影響關(guān)系，對(duì)其進(jìn)行耦合計(jì)算，提高了電機(jī)起動(dòng)過(guò)程計(jì)算的準(zhǔn)確性，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了本文所提出計(jì)算方法的準(zhǔn)確性。論文的研究成果為新系列電機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)和保障其安全運(yùn)行提供了參考，具有較高的實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of related technology in motor field, high efficiency and high power density motor becomes the developing trend. YJKK series compact high voltage motor is a new product of motor industry in our country, which is two grades lower than the center of YKK series motor on average. The decrease of volume makes the surface heat dissipation area decrease, and the power density and voltage level increase, which makes people pay more attention to its starting characteristics and temperature rise. When the load starts, the starting time is long, the starting current will make the winding temperature rise rapidly, and the large load may lead to the motor not starting normally. In the starting process, rotor impedance and starting current are the important basis for judging the winding temperature rise, and the starting characteristics (current-rotational speed, torque and rotational speed) are the important indexes to evaluate the starting performance of induction motor and to judge whether the motor can start normally. The user needs to select reasonable starting equipment according to the starting impedance and characteristics of the motor, so as to reduce the occurrence of the fault in the starting process. For the high voltage motor, it is difficult to realize the dynamic parameters and the starting characteristics of the starting process by the test method, so a practical method is needed to carry out the simulation calculation. According to the research status of induction motor starting characteristics, impedance and temperature rise at home and abroad, this paper analyzes and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the current calculation methods, deeply studies the relationship among electric, magnetic and heat during motor starting, and puts forward the dynamic parameters of the motor. The calculation method of starting characteristic and dynamic temperature rise. In this paper, the saturation effect and skin effect in starting motor are studied. According to the distribution of magnetic flux in the dynamic process of the motor, the magnetic network method is used to calculate the saturated flux leakage in the motor. For compact high voltage motor, the stator yoke is longer, the flux density is higher, and the yoke is saturated seriously. In addition, in order to improve magnetic density distribution, magnetic slot wedge is often used in compact high voltage motor. Therefore, the influence of the saturation of the yoke and the magnetic slot wedge should be taken into account in the establishment of the magnetic network model. In order to improve the accuracy of the calculation, a magnetic network model is established under the two positions of the relative tooth slot and the tooth, and the leakage flux is calculated according to the law of magnetic circuit. A stratified model is established to simulate the skin effect, and the height of the groove is discretized, and the calculation method of the skin collecting coefficient is given. Motor starting is a transient process, which needs to be analyzed by dynamic theory. According to the theory of coordinate transformation and vector transformation, the state equation of induction motor in two-phase coordinate system is derived. Combined with the motion equation of rotation system, the calculation methods of starting current, electromagnetic torque and starting time are given. The formula is simple, the calculation is convenient and the calculation time can be saved. The wind resistance network model of the motor is established and solved, and the distribution of the cooling gas flow inside the motor is obtained. Combined with the dynamic characteristic curve of the motor, the heat and heat dissipation of the motor are calculated, and the variation curve of the average temperature rise of the motor winding during the starting process is obtained. According to the limit value of winding temperature rise, the safe running time of motor during starting process is calculated, and the influence of different load on motor temperature rise is analyzed. Considering the interaction among the impedance, current and temperature rise of the motor during the starting process, the coupling calculation is carried out to improve the accuracy of the calculation of the starting process of the motor. The accuracy of the proposed calculation method is verified by experiments. The research results of this paper provide a reference for the design of new series motors and ensure their safe operation, and have high practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM346

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