【摘要】：隨著能源短缺問題的日益嚴重,風力發(fā)電成為了一種重要的發(fā)展趨勢,并且變速恒頻永磁直驅風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)已經成為風電領域里的主力軍。目前,其中的雙PWM“背靠背”全功率變流拓撲結構得到了廣泛的應用,逆變器作為并網發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,其控制策略的研究對提高系統(tǒng)響應速度、提高系統(tǒng)抗干擾能力、對提高電網穩(wěn)定性和對提高電能質量具有重要的意義。由于并網逆變器在能量轉換和傳輸的過程中起到了很重要的作用,為了能夠確保電網的穩(wěn)定、減少電網諧波畸變、提高電壓利用率,本文主要針對風力發(fā)電并網逆變器的控制方法進行了深入的研究。以三相電壓型PWM逆變器為對象進行研究,分析了逆變器開關管的工作原理,推導了數學模型,并詳細的研究了并網逆變器的基于SVPWM調制的雙環(huán)控制策略和直接功率控制策略兩種主要的控制方法,在理論分析的基礎上建立了系統(tǒng)仿真模型,仿真驗證理論的正確性,并總結了兩種控制方法各自的優(yōu)缺點。首先,總結了風力發(fā)電的現實意義、發(fā)展和研究現狀,對風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)進行方案討論,確定了永磁直驅型風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng),并采用雙PWM “背靠背”變流拓撲結構,通過分析網側逆變器的電路結構和原理,分別在三種坐標系下推導了相應的數學模型。并對逆變器控制策略的發(fā)展現狀進行了總體概述,確立了本文的研究方向。其次,設計并采用了電壓外環(huán)電流內環(huán)的雙環(huán)控制方式,并在詳細介紹空間矢量脈寬調制(SVPWM)原理的基礎上,講解了 SVPWM調制的實現過程,仿真驗證了基于SVPWM的雙閉環(huán)控制策略理論的正確性,仿真證明其具有電流波形好,電流諧波畸變低的突出優(yōu)點,應用效果良好。再次,介紹了直接功率控制策略,對基于電壓定向和基于虛擬磁鏈的直接功率控制原理及實現過程進行詳細的分析和講解,并提出了一種預測直接功率控制算法來改進原有的直接功率控制策略的開關頻率不固定的問題,并對預測直接功率控制的原理及作用時間的處理方法進行了細致的研究。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink環(huán)境下分別搭建系統(tǒng)仿真模型,仿真結果驗證了直接功率控制算法理論分析的正確性。采用的控制方法可以實現優(yōu)良的并網性能,能夠實現單位功率因數運行,并且網側電流正弦化效果良好,達到了預期設計的并網目的,并分析總結了控制策略的優(yōu)缺點和適應的情況。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious problem of energy shortage, wind power generation has become an important development trend, and variable speed constant frequency permanent magnet direct drive wind power system has become the main force in the field of wind power. At present, the double PWM "back-to-back" full-power converter topology has been widely used. As an important part of grid-connected generation system, the research of control strategy of inverter can improve the response speed of the system. It is of great significance to improve the stability of power grid and improve the power quality by improving the anti-jamming ability of the system. Since grid-connected inverter plays an important role in the process of energy conversion and transmission, in order to ensure the stability of the grid, reduce the harmonic distortion of the power grid, and improve the utilization of voltage. This paper mainly focuses on the control method of grid-connected inverter for wind power generation. The three-phase voltage-source PWM inverter is studied. The working principle of the inverter switch tube is analyzed, and the mathematical model is derived. Two main control methods of grid-connected inverter based on double loop control strategy and direct power control strategy based on SVPWM modulation are studied in detail. The system simulation model is established on the basis of theoretical analysis and the simulation results verify the correctness of the theory. The advantages and disadvantages of the two control methods are summarized. Firstly, the practical significance, development and research status of wind power generation are summarized. The scheme of wind power generation system is discussed, and the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation system is determined, and the double PWM "back-to-back" converter topology is adopted. By analyzing the circuit structure and principle of grid-side inverter, the corresponding mathematical models are derived in three coordinate systems. The development of inverter control strategy is summarized, and the research direction of this paper is established. Secondly, the double loop control mode of voltage outer loop current inner loop is designed and adopted. On the basis of introducing the principle of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) in detail, the realization process of SVPWM modulation is explained. The simulation verifies the correctness of the theory of double closed loop control strategy based on SVPWM. The simulation results show that it has the outstanding advantages of good current waveform and low current harmonic distortion, and the application effect is good. Thirdly, the direct power control strategy is introduced. The principle and realization process of direct power control based on voltage orientation and virtual flux linkage are analyzed and explained in detail. A predictive direct power control algorithm is proposed to improve the unfixed switching frequency of the original direct power control strategy. The principle of predictive direct power control and the processing method of operation time are studied in detail. Finally, the system simulation models are built in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis of the direct power control algorithm. The proposed control method can achieve excellent grid-connection performance, realize unit power factor operation, and the sinusoidal effect of grid side current is good. The advantages and disadvantages of the control strategy are analyzed and summarized.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614;TM464

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