發(fā)布時間：2018-08-07 08:48

【摘要】：太陽能作為一種具有可持續(xù)發(fā)展的綠色能源已成為國、內(nèi)外研究的熱點，特別是光伏上網(wǎng)電價法的出臺，極大的促進了國內(nèi)對光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)的研究，光伏充電控制器作為光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中重要的組成部分，成為了研究的熱點。 然而，現(xiàn)有光伏充電控制器中存在著充電效率不高、充電方法不夠智能、最大功率跟蹤不夠準確等不足，為此，本文針對光伏充電控制器的核心技術(shù)進行了深入細致的研究，主要內(nèi)容包括： (1)研究了光伏充電控制器的國內(nèi)外研究狀況及其發(fā)展趨勢，分析了太陽能電池的等效電路，根據(jù)等效電路建立了太陽能電池的數(shù)學(xué)模型，并在Matlab上建立了仿真模型來研究太陽能電池的輸出特性；分析了蓄電池化學(xué)特性與結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理、影響充電效果的因素，研究了蓄電池的充電特性。 (2)根據(jù)技術(shù)指標和性能要求對光伏充電控制器進行了總體方案設(shè)計，闡述了光伏充電控制器的硬件總體方案和軟件總體方案；分析了常見的幾種充電技術(shù)，根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的實際需求本文提出智能充電方法，其充電過程分為最大功率充電、過充電和浮充電三階段。 (3)對光伏充電控制器的硬件系統(tǒng)進行了詳細設(shè)計，采用Buck型DC/DC變換器作為光伏充電控制器的主電路，并采用同步整流技術(shù)，提高系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換效率，滿足系統(tǒng)控制算法的硬件要求；分析了主要電路的元件參數(shù)計算方法和主要器件的選型。 (4)對光伏充電控制器的軟件系統(tǒng)進行了詳細設(shè)計，對充電控制程序、PWM程序和數(shù)據(jù)采集程序進行了設(shè)計；分析了幾種常見的MPPT算法，，針對本系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用特點提出了改進的MPPT算法，并在仿真模型上改進算法進行仿真分析。 最后設(shè)計出了光伏充電控制器的實驗樣機，并進行了相應(yīng)的實驗研究，對改進的算法以及充電控制策略進行實驗分析，實驗結(jié)果表明改進的算法不但跟蹤的速度快，而且有較高輸出穩(wěn)定性，本文設(shè)計的充電控制器充電效率高達90%以上，達到了預(yù)期指標。
[Abstract]:Solar energy, as a kind of green energy with sustainable development, has become the focus of domestic and foreign research, especially the introduction of photovoltaic pricing method, which has greatly promoted the research of photovoltaic power generation technology in China. As an important part of photovoltaic power generation system, photovoltaic charging controller has become a hot research topic. However, the existing photovoltaic charging controller is not efficient, the charging method is not intelligent enough, the maximum power tracking is not accurate enough and so on. Therefore, the core technology of photovoltaic charging controller is studied in detail in this paper. The main contents are as follows: (1) the research status and development trend of photovoltaic charge controller at home and abroad are studied, the equivalent circuit of solar cell is analyzed, and the mathematical model of solar cell is established according to the equivalent circuit. The simulation model is established on Matlab to study the output characteristics of solar cells, and the chemical characteristics and structure of the battery, the working principle, the factors influencing the charging effect are analyzed. The charging characteristics of battery are studied. (2) according to the technical specifications and performance requirements, the overall design of photovoltaic charging controller is carried out, and the overall hardware and software scheme of photovoltaic charging controller is described. This paper analyzes several common charging technologies and puts forward intelligent charging methods according to the actual demand of the system. The charging process is divided into maximum power charging. (3) the hardware system of photovoltaic charging controller is designed in detail. Buck type DC/DC converter is used as the main circuit of photovoltaic charging controller, and synchronous rectifier technology is adopted. Improve the conversion efficiency of the system, meet the hardware requirements of the system control algorithm, analyze the calculation method of the main circuit component parameters and the selection of the main devices. (4) the software system of the photovoltaic charging controller is designed in detail. This paper designs the charging control program and data acquisition program, analyzes several common MPPT algorithms, proposes an improved MPPT algorithm according to the application characteristics of the system, and simulates the improved algorithm on the simulation model. Finally, the experimental prototype of photovoltaic charging controller is designed, and the corresponding experimental research is carried out, and the improved algorithm and charging control strategy are analyzed experimentally. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm is not only fast in tracking speed, The charging efficiency of the controller is over 90%, which reaches the expected target.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615

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本文編號：2169512