【摘要】：全球不可再生的化石能源儲存量的有限性和人類社會延續(xù)發(fā)展對能源的無限需求的矛盾愈發(fā)激烈,這一矛盾將會導(dǎo)致全球經(jīng)濟發(fā)展減速和不平衡。在這樣的世界能源形勢的大背景下,利用可再生能源成為解決這一矛盾的有效途徑。太陽能作為可再生能源的一種,其開發(fā)和利用受到了全世界的關(guān)注。光伏發(fā)電是充分利用太陽能的有效途徑,目前國內(nèi)大部分光伏發(fā)電都允許并網(wǎng)運行更是為未來我國光伏發(fā)電的發(fā)展提供了條件。光伏電池的最大功率點跟蹤(MPPT)影響著光伏系統(tǒng)的發(fā)電效率,光伏逆變器的并網(wǎng)控制方法關(guān)系光伏系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。這兩大關(guān)鍵技術(shù)直接影響整個光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的工作效率和穩(wěn)定性,本文將主要圍繞這兩方面展開研究。首先,本文對光伏陣列的功率輸出特性曲線進(jìn)行了建模仿真分析。MPPT的目標(biāo)是保持光伏陣列輸出電壓一直保持在最大功率點處,本文對目前常用的一些用于局部陰影情況下的最大功率點跟蹤控制方法進(jìn)行了比較,重點分析了基于粒子群算法(PSO)的MPPT控制方法,并提出了一種基于改進(jìn)的模擬退火粒子群算法的最大功率點跟蹤控制方法,將模擬退火算法思想融入到粒子群算法中,改善粒子的探索能力,提升了最大功率點跟蹤算法的收斂速度和精確性。其次,闡述了光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的并網(wǎng)控制方法的原理和目標(biāo),對目前常用的幾種控制方法的優(yōu)缺點進(jìn)行了比較。本文針對帶本地負(fù)載的并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的諧波污染和無功消耗問題,提出了一種比例積分(PI)與比例諧振控制(PR)相結(jié)合的新型復(fù)合并網(wǎng)控制策略,利用PI控制對逆變器的輸出的并網(wǎng)電流進(jìn)行控制,利用PR控制算法控制逆變器對本地非線性負(fù)載進(jìn)行諧波抑制。該控制策略提高了光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的利用率,改善了公共連接點處的電能質(zhì)量。通過實驗仿真,該控制策略可以在向電網(wǎng)輸出有功功率的同時實現(xiàn)對本地負(fù)載的無功和諧波補償。最后,本文具體闡述了基于DSP TMS320LF2812芯片控制的單相光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電裝置的控制系統(tǒng),包括SPWM的軟件實現(xiàn)方法、頻率與相位差的檢測方法、軟件鎖相技術(shù)的實現(xiàn)等。并在此基礎(chǔ)上制作了一臺單相光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電裝置,并對裝置進(jìn)行了實驗測試。
[Abstract]:The contradiction between the limitation of the global non-renewable fossil energy storage and the infinite demand for energy from the continuous development of human society will lead to the deceleration and imbalance of global economic development. Under the background of the world energy situation, the use of renewable energy has become an effective way to solve this contradiction. Solar energy as a renewable energy, its development and utilization has attracted worldwide attention. Photovoltaic power generation is an effective way to make full use of solar energy. At present, most photovoltaic power generation in China is allowed to run grid-connected, which provides conditions for the future development of photovoltaic power generation in China. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic cells affects the efficiency of photovoltaic system. The grid-connected control method of photovoltaic inverter relates to the stability of photovoltaic system. These two key technologies directly affect the efficiency and stability of the whole photovoltaic system. First of all, in this paper, the power output characteristic curve of photovoltaic array is modeled and simulated. The goal of MPPT is to keep the output voltage of photovoltaic array at the maximum power point. In this paper, some commonly used methods for maximum power point tracking control under local shadow are compared, and the MPPT control method based on particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is emphatically analyzed. A maximum power point tracking control method based on improved simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. The idea of simulated annealing algorithm is integrated into particle swarm optimization algorithm to improve the ability of particle exploration. The convergence speed and accuracy of the maximum power point tracking algorithm are improved. Secondly, the principle and goal of grid-connected control method of photovoltaic power system are expounded, and the advantages and disadvantages of several common control methods are compared. Aiming at harmonic pollution and reactive power consumption caused by grid-connected power generation system with local load, a new hybrid grid-connected control strategy combining proportional integral (PI) and proportional resonance control (PR) is proposed in this paper. Pi control is used to control the grid-connected current of inverter output, and PR control algorithm is used to control the harmonic suppression of local nonlinear load. The control strategy improves the utilization rate of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and improves the power quality at common connection points. Through experimental simulation, the control strategy can realize reactive power and harmonic compensation of local load while outputting active power to power grid. Finally, this paper describes the control system of single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected generation device based on DSP TMS320LF2812 chip, including the software realization method of SPWM, the detection method of frequency and phase difference, the realization of software phase-locked technology and so on. On this basis, a single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected power generation device is made, and the device is tested experimentally.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 郝立穎;太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計及供電系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化方法研究[D];東北大學(xué)　;2008年

，

本文編號：2168043