【摘要】：在智能電網(wǎng)環(huán)境下,從需求響應管理角度考慮將電動汽車引入住宅配電系統(tǒng),一方面可以減輕環(huán)境污染,節(jié)約能源,另一方面電動汽車具有儲能特性,可以作為儲能設(shè)備為用戶帶來放電收益。但電動汽車是大功率充電負載,需要進行合理的充放電調(diào)度控制才能避免造成電網(wǎng)負載峰值增大,家庭用電開支增加的不良影響。為了解決這些問題,本文展開了以下研究:首先,為了解決引入電動汽車在住宅配電系統(tǒng)下進行用電后導致的電網(wǎng)過載和用戶用電開支增加的問題,本文采用了注水原理算法(water-filling),并結(jié)合電動汽車儲能特性和一個簡單有效的價格預測機制,搭建了家庭用電成本模型。該算法將可調(diào)負載調(diào)整至可調(diào)時間段中電價最低時段進行用電;將電動汽車移至夜間用電需求和電價均相對較低時間進行充電;同時電動汽車閑置期間,利用蓄電池儲能特性,為用電高峰期使用的不可調(diào)負載進行供電,從而緩解電網(wǎng)過載現(xiàn)象,減小用戶家庭用電成本。其次,在注水原理算法的基礎(chǔ)上,利用電動汽車儲能特性進行充放電后,對蓄電池使用壽命造成影響。而電動汽車蓄電池的更換成本昂貴,若不對其放電特性加以合理利用,會造成蓄電池使用壽命減小,進而家庭用電成本大幅度增加�；谝陨戏治�,本文提出了一種基于電動汽車蓄電池SOC狀態(tài)的家庭用電算法。該算法結(jié)合電動汽車蓄電池SOC狀態(tài)和蓄電池的使用壽命建立用電成本優(yōu)化模型,獲取了蓄電池放電門限值nSOC和最佳放電狀態(tài)點lSOC。在電動汽車使用歸來后,用戶針對蓄電池已進行的放電次數(shù)選擇合適的用電策略。合理有效的利用好電動汽車的充放電功能,在減小家庭用電成本的同時盡可能延長電動汽車蓄電池的使用壽命。然后,在針對單個家庭用電狀況的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了基于納什均衡博弈論的需求響應分布式算法。該算法是對多用戶用電策略進行優(yōu)化,達到共同利益最大化。本文提出的策略基礎(chǔ)是用戶之間的交互。該策略下的分布式算法只需要用戶試圖最大化個人利益時,使用博弈論進行交互的信息,在不犧牲任何一個用戶利益的前提下達到共同獲益的目的。結(jié)合電動汽車的儲能特性對用戶們的用電策略進行協(xié)調(diào)控制,從而實現(xiàn)能耗成本和PAR最小化。
[Abstract]:In the environment of smart grid, considering the introduction of electric vehicle into residential distribution system from the point of view of demand response management, on the one hand, it can reduce environmental pollution and save energy, on the other hand, electric vehicle has the characteristics of energy storage. It can be used as energy storage equipment to bring customers discharge revenue. However, electric vehicle is a high-power charging load, so reasonable charge and discharge scheduling control is needed to avoid the adverse effects of the increase of load peak and the increase of household electricity consumption. In order to solve these problems, the following researches are carried out in this paper: firstly, in order to solve the problem of overload of power grid and increase of consumer power consumption caused by introducing electric vehicles under residential distribution system, In this paper, the water injection principle algorithm (water-filling) is adopted, combined with the energy storage characteristics of electric vehicles and a simple and effective price prediction mechanism, a household electricity cost model is built. The algorithm adjusts the adjustable load to the lowest electricity price period in the adjustable time period, moves the electric vehicle to the lower power demand and price at night, and uses the energy storage characteristics of the battery during the idle period of the electric vehicle. Power supply for the unadjustable load used in the peak period can alleviate the overload phenomenon of power grid and reduce the cost of household electricity consumption. Secondly, on the basis of the principle of water injection, the battery life is affected by charging and discharging using the energy storage characteristics of electric vehicle. However, the replacement cost of electric vehicle batteries is expensive. If the discharge characteristics of the batteries are not properly utilized, the battery life will be reduced, and the household electricity cost will be increased greatly. Based on the above analysis, this paper presents a household power consumption algorithm based on the SOC state of electric vehicle battery. Based on the SOC state of electric vehicle battery and the service life of battery, the optimization model of power consumption cost is established, and the discharge threshold nSOC and the optimal discharge state point lSOC are obtained. After the electric vehicle comes back from use, the user chooses the appropriate power strategy for the discharge times of the battery. Reasonable and effective use of the charge and discharge function of electric vehicles, while reducing the cost of household electricity, as much as possible to prolong the battery life of electric vehicles. Then, a distributed demand response algorithm based on Nash equilibrium game theory is proposed. The algorithm is to optimize the multi-user power consumption strategy to maximize the common benefits. The strategy proposed in this paper is based on the interaction between users. The distributed algorithm under this strategy only requires users to use game theory to interact with each other when they try to maximize their personal interests and to achieve the goal of mutual benefit without sacrificing the interests of any one of the users. Combined with the energy storage characteristics of electric vehicles, the power consumption strategies of users are coordinated and controlled, thus minimizing the energy consumption cost and PAR.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM73
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本文編號：2158768