【摘要】：超聲電機是一種新型電機,其原理是利用壓電陶瓷的逆壓電效應(yīng),通過激勵電壓的作用使定子產(chǎn)生振動,之后再通過定、轉(zhuǎn)子間的摩擦力,實現(xiàn)電能到機械能的轉(zhuǎn)換,使轉(zhuǎn)子產(chǎn)生定向的轉(zhuǎn)動。它具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、低速大轉(zhuǎn)矩、響應(yīng)速度快、不受磁場干擾等優(yōu)點。在工業(yè)控制、轎車電器、計算機、智能機器人和航空航天領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。本文通過有限元分析方法,基于本實驗室研發(fā)的雙定子旋轉(zhuǎn)型行波超聲電機,建立定、轉(zhuǎn)子有限元接觸模型,對電機的徑向滑移現(xiàn)象、速度和輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩等進行了研究。具體內(nèi)容如下:首先,針對旋轉(zhuǎn)型行波超聲電機的工作原理、結(jié)構(gòu)特點及應(yīng)用進行了系統(tǒng)地介紹,根據(jù)超聲電機目前存在的問題引出本課題,并對雙定子旋轉(zhuǎn)型行波超聲電機和定、轉(zhuǎn)子接觸模型的研究現(xiàn)狀進行了綜述。其次,深入探討了雙定子旋轉(zhuǎn)型行波超聲電機的運行機理,并系統(tǒng)的介紹了壓電陶瓷的逆壓電效應(yīng)、壓電參數(shù)、壓電方程和振動模態(tài)等。再次,以直徑為60mm的超聲電機定子為研究對象,應(yīng)用有限元軟件ANSYS10.0對其進行了模態(tài)分析、諧響應(yīng)分析和瞬態(tài)分析,得到了定子振動狀態(tài)下的頻率、振型、幅頻特性和電機的啟動特性。最后,建立了雙定子旋轉(zhuǎn)型行波超聲電機定、轉(zhuǎn)子有限元接觸模型,分析了兩個定子中產(chǎn)生不同相位的行波對徑向滑移現(xiàn)象的影響;并對電機轉(zhuǎn)子進行了柔性設(shè)計,與剛性轉(zhuǎn)子時電機的轉(zhuǎn)矩-轉(zhuǎn)速特性進行了對比,以體現(xiàn)柔性轉(zhuǎn)子的優(yōu)勢;之后與傳統(tǒng)超聲電機進行了性能的比較,仿真結(jié)果表明雙定子旋轉(zhuǎn)型行波超聲電機在轉(zhuǎn)矩性能方面有很大的提升。
[Abstract]:Ultrasonic motor is a new type of motor. Its principle is to use the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics to make the stator vibrate through the action of excitation voltage, and then through the friction between stator and rotor to realize the conversion of electric energy to mechanical energy. Cause the rotor to produce a directional rotation. It has the advantages of simple structure, low speed and large torque, fast response speed and no interference from magnetic field. In industrial control, car appliances, computers, intelligent robots and aerospace has a wide range of applications. In this paper, based on the double stator rotary traveling wave ultrasonic motor developed by our laboratory, the finite element contact model of stator and rotor is established, and the radial slip phenomenon, velocity and output torque of the motor are studied by the finite element analysis method. The specific contents are as follows: firstly, the working principle, structural characteristics and application of rotary traveling wave ultrasonic motor are introduced systematically. The research status of double stator rotating traveling wave ultrasonic motor, stator and rotor contact model is reviewed. Secondly, the operating mechanism of rotary traveling wave ultrasonic motor with double stator is discussed, and the inverse piezoelectric effect, piezoelectric parameters, piezoelectric equation and vibration mode of piezoelectric ceramics are introduced systematically. Thirdly, taking the stator of ultrasonic motor with diameter of 60mm as the research object, the modal analysis, harmonic response analysis and transient analysis of the stator are carried out by using the finite element software ANSYS10.0, and the frequency and mode shape of the stator under vibration state are obtained. Amplitude and frequency characteristics and motor startup characteristics. Finally, the finite element contact model of stator and rotor of double stator rotating traveling wave ultrasonic motor is established, and the influence of traveling wave with different phase on radial slip phenomenon is analyzed, and the flexible design of motor rotor is carried out. In order to reflect the advantages of flexible rotor, the characteristics of torque and speed of motor are compared with that of rigid rotor, and the performance of ultrasonic motor is compared with that of traditional ultrasonic motor. The simulation results show that the torque performance of double stator rotary traveling wave ultrasonic motor is greatly improved.
【學位授予單位】：集美大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM35

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