【摘要】：同步電機是一種常用的交流電機，既可以用作發(fā)電機，也可用作電動機或補償機。同步電機拖動系統(tǒng)具有容量大、效率高、體積小、轉(zhuǎn)動慣量小、功率因數(shù)可調(diào)、過載能力強等優(yōu)點，在要求位置、速度、加速度等多變量調(diào)節(jié)環(huán)境中有著廣泛應(yīng)用。 常規(guī)的電勵磁同步電機定子有三相對稱繞組，轉(zhuǎn)子中有勵磁繞組和阻尼繞組。本文提出了一種新型無刷電勵磁同步電機，該無刷同步電機在結(jié)構(gòu)上取消了傳統(tǒng)的同步電機轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)的電刷和滑環(huán)，不需要單獨的勵磁機，簡化了電機結(jié)構(gòu)，易于維護，并能實現(xiàn)無刷調(diào)節(jié)勵磁。 文中詳細分析了新型無刷電勵磁同步電機的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理。在定子鐵芯的內(nèi)圓周靠中間位置開有一定深度的槽，在槽中放入一定匝數(shù)的繞圈構(gòu)成單相勵磁繞組。在轉(zhuǎn)子鐵芯外圓周上與定子上的槽相對應(yīng)位置也開有同樣寬度的槽，，在槽中放入一定匝數(shù)的繞圈構(gòu)成單相感應(yīng)繞組。在定子側(cè)單相勵磁繞組中通入單相交流電，利用變壓器原理，則在轉(zhuǎn)子感應(yīng)繞組中感應(yīng)出電動勢，感應(yīng)出的單相交流電經(jīng)過旋轉(zhuǎn)整流器的整流，輸出直流電，為轉(zhuǎn)子勵磁繞組提供勵磁電流。通過改變定子側(cè)單相勵磁繞組電壓，可以改變轉(zhuǎn)子的直流勵磁電流，實現(xiàn)了無刷電勵磁調(diào)節(jié)功能。 文中對該電機進行了詳細的電磁計算，給出了電機的具體參數(shù)。詳細分析了該電機內(nèi)部的電磁關(guān)系，給出了磁勢平衡方程和電壓平衡方程，并給出了等效電路圖、相量圖和功率流程圖。從電機的統(tǒng)一控制理論作為出發(fā)點，分析了交流電動機矢量控制原理。根據(jù)理想同步電動機模型,分別給出凸極同步電動機在定子三相靜止坐標(biāo)系下和在-旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系的數(shù)學(xué)模型。利用仿真平臺搭建了新型無刷電勵磁同步電機的有限元模型，分析了該電機的磁場分布特點。給出了電機磁力線和磁密分布圖，并對電機在不同負載條件下的性能進行了分析。文中詳細介紹了新型無刷電勵磁同步電機的參數(shù)，樣機的研制過程。搭建了電機實驗平臺，對該同步電機進行了一系列實驗來研究其特性。用實驗數(shù)據(jù)證明，定子側(cè)勵磁繞組和轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)感應(yīng)繞組構(gòu)成的平面和功率繞組構(gòu)成的平面相互垂直，磁場的耦合關(guān)系小，分別加電后，在對方的繞組中感應(yīng)電勢非常小。從而驗證了該電機結(jié)構(gòu)新穎，設(shè)計合理，并能實現(xiàn)無刷調(diào)節(jié)勵磁。
[Abstract]:Synchronous motor is a commonly used AC motor. It can be used as generator, motor or compensator. Synchronous motor drive system has many advantages, such as large capacity, high efficiency, small volume, small moment of inertia, adjustable power factor, strong overload ability and so on. It is widely used in multivariable adjusting environment such as position, speed, acceleration and so on. The stator of conventional electroexcitation synchronous motor has three-phase symmetrical winding, and the rotor has excitation winding and damping winding. In this paper, a new brushless excitation synchronous motor is proposed. The brushless synchronous motor cancels the traditional brush and slip ring on the rotor side of the synchronous motor in structure, and does not need a single exciter, which simplifies the structure of the motor and is easy to maintain. And can realize brushless regulation excitation. The basic structure and working principle of the new brushless excitation synchronous motor are analyzed in detail. At the middle position of the inner circumference of the stator core there is a slot of a certain depth and the winding coil with a certain number of turns is put into the slot to form a single-phase excitation winding. A slot of the same width is also opened in the outer circle of the rotor core corresponding to the slot on the stator, and a single phase induction winding is formed by placing a certain number of turns in the slot. In the stator side of the single-phase excitation winding, the single-phase alternating current is connected. Using the principle of the transformer, the electromotive force is induced in the rotor inductive winding. The inductive single-phase alternating current is rectified by the rotary rectifier and the direct current is output. Provide excitation current for rotor excitation winding. By changing the voltage of stator side single-phase excitation winding, the DC excitation current of rotor can be changed, and the brushless excitation regulation function can be realized. In this paper, the detailed electromagnetic calculation of the motor is carried out, and the specific parameters of the motor are given. The electromagnetic relation of the motor is analyzed in detail, the magnetic potential balance equation and voltage balance equation are given, and the equivalent circuit diagram, phasor diagram and power flow chart are given. Based on the unified control theory of motor, the vector control principle of AC motor is analyzed. According to the ideal synchronous motor model, the mathematical models of salient synchronous motor in stator three-phase stationary coordinate system and in rotating coordinate system are given respectively. The finite element model of a new brushless excitation synchronous motor is built by using the simulation platform, and the magnetic field distribution characteristics of the motor are analyzed. The magnetic field line and magnetic density distribution diagram of the motor are given, and the performance of the motor under different load conditions is analyzed. In this paper, the parameters of the new brushless excitation synchronous motor and the development process of the prototype are introduced in detail. A motor experimental platform was built, and a series of experiments were carried out to study the characteristics of the synchronous motor. The experimental data show that the plane formed by stator side excitation winding and rotor side induction winding is perpendicular to the plane of power winding and the coupling relation of magnetic field is small. It is proved that the motor is novel in structure, reasonable in design and can realize brushless excitation regulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM341

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 朱孝勇;程明;趙文祥;張建忠;花為;;混合勵磁電機技術(shù)綜述與發(fā)展展望[J];電工技術(shù)學(xué)報;2008年01期

2 劉其輝;賀益康;趙仁德;;交流勵磁變速恒頻風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的運行與控制[J];電工技術(shù)學(xué)報;2008年01期

3 馬曉荷;沈頌華;;交流勵磁機帶三相半波旋轉(zhuǎn)整流器負載的一種簡化瞬態(tài)特性分析方法[J];電工技術(shù)學(xué)報;2009年01期

4 譚國俊;吳軒欽;李浩;景巍;柳萌;;Back-to-Back雙三電平電勵磁同步電機矢量控制系統(tǒng)[J];電工技術(shù)學(xué)報;2011年03期

5 吳軒欽;譚國俊;宋金梅;李浩;;基于混合磁鏈觀測器電勵磁同步電機矢量控制[J];電機與控制學(xué)報;2010年03期

6 姚駿;廖勇;;基于Crowbar保護控制的交流勵磁風(fēng)電系統(tǒng)運行分析[J];電力系統(tǒng)自動化;2007年23期

7 張興;張龍云;楊淑英;余勇;曹仁賢;;風(fēng)力發(fā)電低電壓穿越技術(shù)綜述[J];電力系統(tǒng)及其自動化學(xué)報;2008年02期

8 王瑞云;;三相無刷高壓同步發(fā)電機交流勵磁系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計研究[J];公路交通科技(應(yīng)用技術(shù)版);2011年12期

9 黃明明;郭新軍;周成虎;駱繼明;;一種新型電動汽車寬調(diào)速驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計[J];電工技術(shù)學(xué)報;2013年04期

10 張栩;彭志煒;邱國躍;袁旭峰;;自并勵靜態(tài)勵磁系統(tǒng)自動電壓調(diào)節(jié)器參數(shù)對暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定性的影響仿真[J];大電機技術(shù);2013年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 喬東偉;新型混合勵磁無刷爪極發(fā)電機的研究[D];山東大學(xué);2013年

本文編號：2154066