【摘要】：隨著世界各國(guó)對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的逐步重視，綠色健康的生活理念越來(lái)越被當(dāng)今都市人所推崇，以石油為主的不可再生能源的短缺問(wèn)題的不斷凸顯和環(huán)境的不斷惡化，直接推動(dòng)了擁有節(jié)能和環(huán)保兩大優(yōu)勢(shì)的電動(dòng)汽車迅速發(fā)展。動(dòng)力鋰電池作為現(xiàn)階段電動(dòng)汽車動(dòng)力電池中的主要成員，對(duì)其充電技術(shù)的研究意義重大。 文章首先概述了現(xiàn)階段各國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，，列舉了動(dòng)力鋰電池在技術(shù)上存在的主要問(wèn)題，確定充電技術(shù)作為本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容。然后分析了動(dòng)力鋰電池工作原理、充放電特性、最佳充電曲線和電池極化現(xiàn)象，為后續(xù)充電技術(shù)的研究打下基礎(chǔ)。接著對(duì)鋰電池的充電方法進(jìn)行研究，在傳統(tǒng)的四種充電方法的基礎(chǔ)上提出一種變電流快速充電方法，其主要分為小電流涓流充電、分段恒流充電和脈沖充電三個(gè)階段。其中分段恒流充電階段，采用容量控制法對(duì)電池充電電流進(jìn)行控制，使其不斷接近電池最佳充電曲線。在脈沖充電階段，設(shè)計(jì)一種電壓負(fù)增長(zhǎng)率控制方法對(duì)電池的滿充狀態(tài)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的控制。同時(shí)在Matlab/Simulnik軟件平臺(tái)上構(gòu)造鋰電池的PNGV等效模型，設(shè)計(jì)鋰電池充電電路，對(duì)于變電流快速充電進(jìn)行仿真，將仿真結(jié)果與傳統(tǒng)的充電方法進(jìn)行比較，以驗(yàn)證變電流快速充電方法的優(yōu)越性。接著對(duì)于電池組均衡控制進(jìn)行分析，提出了一種變電阻均衡控制技術(shù)，采用數(shù)字編碼方法設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)字可變電阻器，在Matlab/Simulnik軟件中構(gòu)建可變電阻模型，采用S函數(shù)編寫均衡控制程序，對(duì)于六塊初始電壓不同的單體鋰電池進(jìn)行均衡控制，使電池電壓達(dá)到一致，通過(guò)仿真驗(yàn)證了變電阻均衡控制的可行性。 隨后，選用美國(guó)ATMEL公司生產(chǎn)的一款控制芯片搭建鋰電池的智能充電實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，以2200mAh聚合物動(dòng)力鋰離子電池作為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)于本文研究的變電流快速充電、變電阻均衡控制和電壓負(fù)增長(zhǎng)率控制方法進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。記錄了充電數(shù)據(jù)，驗(yàn)證這些方法的可行性，基本上達(dá)到了研究的預(yù)期目標(biāo)。最后對(duì)于本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，對(duì)未來(lái)研究技術(shù)進(jìn)行展望。
[Abstract]:With the gradual attention of the world to the environmental protection, the concept of green and healthy life is more and more respected by the urban people nowadays. The shortage of non-renewable energy, which is mainly oil, is becoming increasingly prominent and the environment is getting worse and worse. Directly promoted the energy-saving and environmental protection of the two major advantages of the rapid development of electric vehicles. As the main member of electric vehicle power battery, the research of power lithium battery charging technology is of great significance. This paper first summarizes the current development of electric vehicle industry in various countries, lists the main technical problems of power lithium battery, and determines charging technology as the main research content of this paper. Then, the working principle, charge-discharge characteristics, optimal charging curve and polarization phenomena of the battery are analyzed, which lays a foundation for the research of the subsequent charging technology. Then the charging method of lithium battery is studied. Based on the traditional four charging methods, a variable current fast charging method is proposed, which is mainly divided into three stages: small current charging, segmented constant current charging and pulse charging. In the stage of subsection constant current charging, the capacity control method is used to control the charging current of the battery, which makes it close to the optimal charging curve of the battery. In the pulse charging stage, a negative voltage growth control method is designed to accurately control the full charge state of the battery. At the same time, the PNGV equivalent model of lithium battery is constructed on Matlab / Simulnik software platform, the charging circuit of lithium battery is designed, and the variable current rapid charging is simulated. The simulation results are compared with the traditional charging method. In order to verify the advantages of variable current fast charging method. Then, the equalization control of battery pack is analyzed, and a variable resistor equalization control technique is proposed. The digital variable resistor is designed by digital coding method. The variable resistance model is constructed in Matlab / Simulnik software, and the equalization control program is written by S function. Six lithium batteries with different initial voltage are equalized to achieve the same voltage. The feasibility of variable resistance equalization control is verified by simulation. Subsequently, a control chip produced by Atmel Corporation was selected to build an intelligent charging experimental platform for lithium battery. The 2200mAh polymer powered lithium ion battery was used as the research object, and the variable current rapid charging was studied in this paper. The methods of variable resistance equalization control and negative voltage growth rate control are verified experimentally. The charging data are recorded, and the feasibility of these methods is verified. Finally, the research content of this paper is summarized, and the future research technology is prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM912

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