本文選題：不銹鋼傳熱管 + 失效分析　； 參考：《上海交通大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文通過對某涉外核電站輔助系統(tǒng)的高壓加熱器用奧氏體不銹鋼管損壞事故的調(diào)查,運用現(xiàn)代的失效分析方法和手段,對事故鋼管取樣進行宏觀檢查、化學成分測定、力學性能試驗、金相組織檢查、斷口分析等手段,找到了涉外核電站高壓加熱器不銹鋼換熱管破裂的原因,提出了相應的解決辦法,為保證設備安全運行,預防類似事故的發(fā)生提供了技術保障。通過失效分析發(fā)現(xiàn),該高壓加熱器不銹鋼管開裂的主要原因是在核電廠運行過程中停運,但未對加熱器采取臨時保護性措施,氯離子侵入,在設備重新啟動前未進行清洗,導致氯離子在傳熱管與支撐板、管板之間縫隙處發(fā)生了濃縮沉積,形成應力腐蝕開裂。同時,通過原料管應力腐蝕試驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)原料管供貨狀態(tài)存在較高的殘余應力。ANSYS應力分析發(fā)現(xiàn)在隔板處、脹管后換熱管均存在較大的內(nèi)應力,在腐蝕環(huán)境和應力的雙重作用下,腐蝕裂紋快速發(fā)展,從而使管子在設備運行初期即發(fā)生裂開泄漏的現(xiàn)象。由此,從上述事故中需要吸取的經(jīng)驗教訓,一是要嚴格執(zhí)行產(chǎn)品使用前的質(zhì)量驗收制度,尤其對奧氏體不銹鋼管需要進行殘余應力檢測,并對應力腐蝕風險進行評估；二是要加強制造和安裝期間設備內(nèi)部清潔度的檢查；三是要提高制造精度,預防傳熱管在隔板處發(fā)生彎曲；四是較長時間停止運行,則更應采取較為妥善的措施。唯有如此,才能保證設備的安全運行。
[Abstract]:Through the investigation of the damage accident of the austenitic stainless steel tube for the high pressure heater of a foreign nuclear power station auxiliary system, this paper uses the modern failure analysis method and means to carry out macroscopic examination, chemical composition measurement, mechanical performance test, metallographic examination, fracture analysis and other means to find the high power plant of the foreign nuclear power station. The reason for the rupture of the stainless steel heat exchange tube in the pressure heater is made, and the corresponding solution is put forward to provide technical support for the safe operation of the equipment and the prevention of similar accidents. The main reason for the cracking of the stainless steel tube in the high pressure heater is that the main reason for the cracking of the stainless steel pipe in the high pressure heater is that the heat exchanger is not transported to the heater by the temporary operation. The protective measure, chlorine ion invaded, not cleaned before the equipment was restarted, resulting in the concentration and deposition of chlorine ion in the gap between the heat transfer tube and the supporting plate and the tube plate, forming stress corrosion cracking. At the same time, through the stress corrosion test of the raw material tube, it was found that there was a high residual stress.ANSYS stress analysis found in the supply state of the raw material pipe. At the partition board, there is a large internal stress in the heat transfer tube after the tube expansion. Under the double action of the corrosive environment and stress, the corrosion crack develops rapidly, which causes the pipe to leak out in the early stage of the equipment operation. Therefore, the experience teaching training should be drawn from the above accident, one is to strictly carry out the quality acceptance before the product is used. The system, especially for austenitic stainless steel tubes, needs to be tested for residual stress and to evaluate the risk of force corrosion; two is to strengthen the inspection of the internal cleanliness of the equipment during the manufacturing and installation period; three to improve the precision of the manufacturing and to prevent the bending of the heat transfer tube at the partition board; four to stop running for a long time, then more should be taken. Proper measures. Only in this way can the safe operation of the equipment be ensured.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM623

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