本文選題：輸電塔 + 優(yōu)化設計�。� 參考：《武漢大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：對大量輸電塔在強風作用下的倒塔事故進行統(tǒng)計分析可知,目前多種類型輸電塔的結構設計從抗風性能的角度來看不盡合理。輸電塔結構在強風作用下存在典型的易損構件、薄弱部位和風毀模式。因此,如何在盡可能少地增加結構材料的基礎上大大提高塔結構的抗風性能就成為極有研究價值的課題,也就是說,輸電塔抗風優(yōu)化設計研究是具有重要的工程意義、長遠的社會效應和廣闊的應用前景的研究課題。 風致響應的計算是輸電塔優(yōu)化設計的前提。目前,輸電塔線體系風荷載理論模型尚未建立,風洞試驗也僅能得到代表性測點的風致響應,風荷載反演中又存在風荷載形式假定與實際不符的問題。目前,輸電塔的優(yōu)化大多數(shù)是基于構件層次的,從整體角度優(yōu)化時又未能考慮工程中的不確定性。 針對目前輸電塔抗風優(yōu)化設計中存在的不足,在前人基礎上,本文在等效風荷載計算和風毀模式分析的基礎上同時考慮工程中多因素的不確定性對輸電塔的優(yōu)化設計進行研究。具體地說,本文的研究工作主要包括以下幾個方面： (1)從風洞試驗的測點位移響應擬合得到各個構件的風致響應。首先,由單塔的風洞試驗得到的測點位移響應平均值擬合得到輸電塔體型系數(shù),由塔線體系的風洞試驗得到的測點位移響應平均值與對應風速下單塔風洞試驗測點的位移響應平均值的差得到線的體型系數(shù)。然后,由塔線體系風洞試驗得到的順風向測點位移響應時程得到各順風向測點位移響應的方差、協(xié)方差,擬合順風向以塔為主的第一模態(tài)的廣義位移方差,由塔線體系風洞試驗得到的橫風向測點位移響應時程得到各橫風向測點位移響應的方差、協(xié)方差,擬合橫風向以塔為主的第一模態(tài)的廣義位移方差。最后,把平均風荷載加到有限元模型上得到各個構件的平均響應,把順風向第一模態(tài)對應的響應與橫風向第一模態(tài)對應的響應進行組合得到構件響應的均方根,把平均響應疊加峰值倍均方根即得到各個構件的風致響應。 (2)進行了輸電塔在強風作用下的失效模式及對策研究。首先,按上述方法得到風致響應,與自重響應一起考慮進行輸電塔失效模式識別,得到主要失效模式及其極限風速,計算結果與實際倒塔案例相比較。然后,發(fā)展了兩種提高輸電塔抗風承載力的對策。第一種對策是對輸電塔風致破壞的薄弱部位進行加固,提高其抗風承載力,文中輸電塔進行了3次加固。第二種對策是通過優(yōu)化關鍵桿件的設計參數(shù)來提高其抗風承載力。通過編制程序,.實現(xiàn)了某輸電塔若干風速的自動優(yōu)化。 (3)提出了基于極限承載力的輸電塔優(yōu)化設計方法。首先,按近似概率極限狀態(tài)設計法的基本思想,利用分項系數(shù)對風致響應和自重響應進行組合,進行輸電塔失效模式識別,得到主要失效模式及其關鍵桿件。然后,找出那些承載力不足的失效模式及其對應的關鍵桿件。最后,對這些關鍵桿件進行優(yōu)化。編制程序實現(xiàn)了某輸電塔不同風速下的自動優(yōu)化。近似概率極限狀態(tài)設計法是目前工程界較為流行的近似處理工程可靠度的方法,為包括我國在內的多國規(guī)范所用,為工程技術人員所熟知。該優(yōu)化方法繞過了繁瑣的可靠度計算而能滿足可靠度的要求。 (4)提出一種計算量相對較少可應用于工程實際的基于體系可靠度優(yōu)化設計法。首先,求出各個失效模式可靠指標,對不滿足要求的失效模式通過加強關鍵桿件的方法來提高可靠指標直到滿足為止。然后,綜合各個失效模式,得到體系可靠指標。最后,若體系可靠指標不滿足要求,通過提高最小可靠指標的那種失效模式可靠指標的方法來提高體系可靠指標直到滿足為止。編制程序實現(xiàn)了某輸電塔若干風速下的自動優(yōu)化。相對傳統(tǒng)的可靠度優(yōu)化,該方法計算量少,可用于實際復雜結構的基于體系可靠度的優(yōu)化設計。與本文前一種優(yōu)化方法比較,優(yōu)化更加經(jīng)濟合理。
[Abstract]:According to the statistical analysis of a large number of transmission towers under the action of strong wind, it is found that the structure design of various types of transmission towers is not reasonable from the angle of wind resistance. There are typical vulnerable components, weak parts and wind destruction modes of the transmission tower structure under strong wind. Therefore, how to increase the structure material as little as possible On the basis of it, it is of great value to improve the wind resistance of the tower structure. That is to say, the wind resistance optimization design of the transmission tower is of great engineering significance, the long-term social effect and the broad application prospect.
The calculation of wind induced response is the prerequisite for the optimization design of transmission tower. At present, the wind load theory model of the transmission tower line system has not been established, and the wind tunnel test can only get the wind response of the representative test points. The wind load inversion is also a problem that the wind load is assumed to be incompatible with the actual situation. Second, from the overall point of view, the uncertainty in engineering is not considered.
In view of the shortcomings of wind resistance optimization design of transmission tower, on the basis of predecessors, this paper studies the optimization design of transmission towers on the basis of the calculation of the equivalent wind load and the analysis of the wind destruction mode, and on the basis of the analysis of the multiple factors in the project.
(1) the wind response of each component is obtained by fitting the displacement response of the test point of the wind tunnel test. First, the average value of the displacement response of the measuring point obtained by the wind tunnel test of the single tower is fitted to get the shape coefficient of the transmission tower. The displacement response average of the test point obtained from the wind tunnel test of the tower line system and the displacement of the single tower wind tunnel test under the corresponding wind speed are obtained. In response to the difference of the average value, the shape coefficient of the line is obtained. Then, the variance of the displacement response of the CIS wind direction measured by the wind tunnel test from the tower line system wind tunnel test is obtained. The covariance is fitted to the generalized displacement variance of the first mode of the CIS wind direction to the tower, and the horizontal displacement of the cross wind direction obtained by the tower line system wind tunnel test is obtained. In the response time, the variance of the displacement response of each crosswind to the measurement point is obtained, and the covariance is used to fit the generalized displacement variance of the first mode of the first mode dominated by the tower. Finally, the average wind load is added to the finite element model to get the average response of each component, and the response of the corresponding wind to the first mode corresponds to the response of the transverse wind to the first mode. The root mean square of the response of the component is obtained, and the wind-induced response of each component is obtained by adding the peak value of the mean square root of the mean response.
(2) the failure modes and Countermeasures of the transmission tower under strong wind are carried out. First, the wind induced response is obtained by the above method, and the failure mode identification of the transmission tower is considered together with the self weight response, the main failure mode and its ultimate wind speed are obtained. The calculation results are compared with the actual inverted tower cases. Then, two kinds of transmission towers are developed to improve the transmission tower resistance. The first countermeasure is to reinforce the weak parts of the wind induced failure of the transmission tower and improve its wind resistance. The transmission tower has been strengthened 3 times in this paper. The second countermeasures are to improve the wind resistance by optimizing the design parameters of the key rod. Optimization.
(3) the optimal design method of transmission tower based on ultimate bearing capacity is proposed. Firstly, according to the basic idea of the approximate probability limit state design method, the failure mode of transmission tower is identified and the main failure modes and the key members are obtained by combining the fractional coefficient to the combination of the wind response and the self weight response. Then, the lack of the bearing capacity is found out. The failure mode and its corresponding key rod. Finally, the key members are optimized. The programming is made to realize the automatic optimization of a transmission tower under different wind speeds. The approximate probability limit state design method is a popular method to approximate the engineering reliability in engineering circles at present, which is used for many countries including our country. It is well known that the optimization method can bypass the tedious reliability calculation and meet the reliability requirements.
(4) a system reliability optimization design method, which can be applied to engineering practice, is proposed. First, the reliability index of each failure mode is obtained, and the failure mode which is not satisfied is improved by the method of strengthening the key rod to improve the reliability index until it is satisfied. Then, the system can be synthesized and the system can be synthesized. In the end, if the reliability index of the system is not satisfied, the reliability index of the failure mode is improved by improving the reliability index of the failure mode of the minimum reliability index until it is satisfied. The programming has realized the automatic optimization of a certain transmission tower under several wind speeds. The optimal design based on system reliability for practical complex structures is more economical and reasonable compared with the previous optimization method.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU347;TM753

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