發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-26 00:06

  本文選題：無(wú)刷直流電機(jī) + 模糊自整定PID　； 參考：《西安工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)發(fā)展十分迅速,它既具備直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩大、運(yùn)行效率高、動(dòng)態(tài)性能好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),又兼顧交流電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定的特質(zhì),因此在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用廣泛。但隨著航空航天等領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)發(fā)展,人們對(duì)無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的控制精度和穩(wěn)定性提出了更高的要求。傳統(tǒng)的模擬控制電路體積大、集成度不高、易受環(huán)境等外界因素影響,常規(guī)PID控制方法參數(shù)固定不靈活、控制精度不高,因此亟需設(shè)計(jì)一種性能優(yōu)異的無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)來(lái)滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的工業(yè)需求。 本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng),控制芯片采用可編程邏輯門(mén)陣列FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array),利用FPGA強(qiáng)大的邏輯計(jì)算能力和集成度高、體積小的優(yōu)點(diǎn),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的智能控制理論,提高電機(jī)運(yùn)行的準(zhǔn)確性和穩(wěn)定性。控制算法采用智能控制算法與常規(guī)PID相結(jié)合的參數(shù)自整定PID控制方法,控制參數(shù)自動(dòng)隨系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)變化而改變,提高了無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的實(shí)時(shí)控制能力,增強(qiáng)了電機(jī)的動(dòng)態(tài)性能。此外,本文還采用了PWM_ON_PWM調(diào)制方式,即在每個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)管導(dǎo)通的過(guò)程中,采用前30。和后30。進(jìn)行PWM調(diào)制、中間60°恒通的調(diào)制方式,減小了電機(jī)非導(dǎo)通相的反向續(xù)流,在一定程度上抑制了電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng),提高了電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的穩(wěn)定性。 本文首先對(duì)無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)原理進(jìn)行了介紹,給出了無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,然后分析了模糊自整定PID控制算法的原理,給出了它的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法；接著介紹了無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)的產(chǎn)生原因,提出了PWM_ON_PWM的調(diào)制方式；運(yùn)用Matlab/Simulink仿真軟件對(duì)模糊自整定PID和PWM_ON_PWM的原理和實(shí)現(xiàn)方法進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證。然后對(duì)基于FPGA無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的軟硬件組成進(jìn)行了介紹,采用Altium Designer軟件設(shè)計(jì)了系統(tǒng)外圍硬件電路,運(yùn)用Quartus Ⅱ設(shè)計(jì)編譯了FPGA內(nèi)部功能模塊。最后在實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)上對(duì)基于FPGA的無(wú)刷直流電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法正確,電機(jī)運(yùn)行良好,達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)目的。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor (BLDCM) has developed very rapidly in recent years. It has the advantages of large torque, high running efficiency and good dynamic performance. It also takes into account the characteristics of simple structure and stable operation of AC motor, so it is widely used in industrial field. However, with the development of aeronautics and spaceflight technology, the control precision and stability of brushless DC motor are required. The traditional analog control circuit is large in volume, low in integration and easy to be affected by external factors such as environment. The parameters of conventional pid control method are fixed and inflexible, and the control precision is not high. Therefore, it is urgent to design a brushless DC motor control system with excellent performance to meet the increasing industrial demand. In this paper, a digital control system for brushless DC motor is designed. The control chip uses FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array),) to realize complex intelligent control theory by using the powerful logic computing ability and the advantages of high integration and small volume. Improve the accuracy and stability of motor operation. The control algorithm adopts the pid control method which combines intelligent control algorithm and conventional pid. The control parameters change automatically with the change of the system state. The real-time control ability of brushless DC motor is improved and the dynamic performance of the motor is enhanced. In addition, this paper also adopts PWM _ S _ O _ N _ N _ PWM modulation mode, that is, in the process of switching on, the first 30. And Post 30. The PWM modulation and the middle 60 擄constant pass modulation can reduce the reverse continuation of the non-conduction phase of the motor, restrain the torque ripple of the motor to a certain extent, and improve the stability of the motor speed. In this paper, the structure principle of brushless DC motor is introduced, the mathematical model of brushless DC motor is given, then the principle of fuzzy self-tuning pid control algorithm is analyzed, and its realization method is given. Secondly, the reason of torque ripple of brushless DC motor is introduced, and the modulation mode of PWMS-ONPWM is put forward, and the principle and realization method of fuzzy self-tuning pid and PWMS-ONPWM are simulated by Matlab / Simulink simulation software. Then, the hardware and software components of the brushless DC motor control system based on FPGA are introduced. The peripheral hardware circuit of the system is designed by using Altium designer software, and the internal function module of FPGA is designed and compiled by using Quartus 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2068136