本文選題：干式空心電抗器 + 磁場屏蔽�。� 參考：《武漢大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：作為特高壓交直流輸電工程的主要感性元件之一,干式空心電抗器具有線性度高、結構簡單、免維護等優(yōu)點,因功能用途不同,在輸電系統(tǒng)中起到無功補償、限制短路電流、濾除高次諧波、減少直流系統(tǒng)諧波分量等作用。 隨著輸電工程電壓等級不斷提升,電網(wǎng)規(guī)模日益擴大,數(shù)量龐大的干式空心電抗器投運到輸電工程中。作為輸電工程的強磁場源之一,干式空心電抗器漏磁嚴重,對周圍電氣設備運行有一定干擾,對職業(yè)人員、周邊民眾健康存在潛在危害。工程上,干式空心電抗器磁場屏蔽措施易于評估,而最優(yōu)方案卻難以獲得。同軸多層包封結構,造成工程運維難以檢測到電抗器包封熱點溫升變化情況,且缺少有效的在線監(jiān)測設備,難以及時解決電抗器的長期持續(xù)過熱運行,不僅會縮短電抗器工作壽命,甚至會引發(fā)起火燒毀等嚴重事故,對輸電工程的安全運行造成極大危害。時變電流激勵下的干式空心電抗器受迫振動,影響電抗器的機械性能,引起的疲勞損傷會造成潛在故障,電抗器向周圍產(chǎn)生的結構輻射噪聲也日益成為輸變電工程中主要噪聲源之一。 基于上述干式空心電抗器暴露出的若干問題,本文在干式空心電抗器漏磁嚴重問題、溫升特性、振動特性以及在線監(jiān)測等方面開展主要研究工作： (1)干式空心電抗器磁場屏蔽優(yōu)化研究。基于工頻磁場屏蔽原理,建立了干式空心電抗器磁場屏蔽優(yōu)化模型,提出微分進化算法結合棱邊有限元的混合優(yōu)化算法求解該優(yōu)化問題,優(yōu)化模型考慮電抗器中心距、屏蔽體結構參數(shù)等對目標函數(shù)的綜合影響。對三相品字形排列電抗器組磁場進行屏蔽優(yōu)化,優(yōu)化結果表明：提高屏蔽板的架設高度和增大直徑可有效降低最大磁感應強度,適當降低電抗器中心距可有效改善平均磁感應強度。該算法避免了人工單一因素搜索方法的局限性,為干式空心電抗器磁場屏蔽提供參考,優(yōu)化模型及優(yōu)化算法同樣適用于其它高壓設備電磁場優(yōu)化研究。 (2)干式空心電抗器三維流固耦合溫度場研究。基于計算流體力學和傳熱學理論,建立了干式空心電抗器流固耦合溫度場數(shù)學模型,首次考慮了星型支架渦流損耗對包封端部溫度的影響。應用結構化網(wǎng)格對三維模型進行剖分,采用有限容積法直接求解電抗器穩(wěn)態(tài)流場與溫度場,獲得了電抗器溫度場分布特性,總結了包封溫度分布特性以及熱點溫升規(guī)律。包封軸向溫度分布可以劃分為三個溫度梯度不同區(qū)域,熱點區(qū)域主要集中在包封上端區(qū)域,星型支架渦流損耗對包封熱點溫度影響約為3K。研究了強制對流改善電抗器熱點溫升的效果,空氣流速與熱點溫度存在非線性遞減關系,且隨著空氣流速增大,強制對流散熱效果將趨于飽和狀態(tài)。文中計算模型及計算方法可為干式空心電抗器溫升監(jiān)測提供依據(jù),同樣可用于其它高壓設備流固耦合溫度場研究。 (3)干式空心電抗器溫升試驗測量與噪聲試驗測量。應用光纖測溫法測量了自然對流條件下的干式空心電抗器溫升,包封溫度測量值與計算值相關系數(shù)為0.918,吻合度好,試驗測量結果驗證了溫度場數(shù)值計算的準確性及有效性。對干式空心電抗器開展了噪聲頻譜試驗測量,測量結果表明：在工頻電流激勵下,干式空心電抗器電磁振動產(chǎn)生的輻射噪聲主要貢獻量為100Hz聲壓。 (4)干式空心電抗器電磁振動數(shù)值計算,基于磁場與結構順序耦合方式,采用有限元法對干式空心電抗器結構模態(tài)進行分析,獲得電抗器的固有頻率和模態(tài)振型,基于諧響應分析,將干式空心電抗器在工頻電流激勵下的電磁力映射到結構網(wǎng)格上,計算得到干式空心電抗器的振動頻譜,計算結果表明：干式空心電抗器包封振動以徑向振動為主,軸向振動較小。 (5)干式空心電抗器在線測溫及溫升故障預警系統(tǒng)設計。為了減少干式空心電抗器溫升故障引起的運行事故,同時,將流固耦合溫度場研究成果應用到實際工程中,設計了干式空心電抗器在線測溫系統(tǒng),分析了測溫信號和布置方式,選擇光纖光柵傳感器作為測溫元件�？紤]了環(huán)境溫度、相對濕度和日照強度中對電抗器熱點溫升的影響,提出微分進化算法結合支持向量機的電抗器溫升回歸模型,結合熱點溫升限值標準進行溫升故障判斷,可有效減少溫升故障誤判。該在線測溫系統(tǒng)抗干擾能力強、預警準確性高,填補了干式空心電抗器實時監(jiān)控和保護機制的空白。
[Abstract]:As one of the main inductive components of UHV AC and DC transmission project, dry air core reactor has the advantages of high linearity, simple structure and no maintenance. Because of different functional uses, it plays a reactive power compensation in the transmission system, limits the short circuit current, filters high harmonic and reduces the harmonic component of the DC system.
With the continuous upgrading of the voltage level of the transmission engineering and the increasing scale of the power grid, a large number of dry hollow reactor is transported to the transmission project. As one of the strong magnetic sources of the transmission engineering, the dry type air reactor has a serious leakage of magnetic flux, which has certain interference to the operation of the surrounding electrical equipment, and has a potential harm to the health of the workers and the people around them. In engineering, the magnetic shielding measures of the dry type air reactor are easy to be evaluated, but the optimal scheme is difficult to obtain. The coaxial multilayer encapsulation structure makes it difficult for engineering operation and maintenance to detect the temperature rise of the hot spot of the reactor envelope, and it is short of effective on-line monitoring equipment. It is difficult to solve the long-term and continuous overheating operation of the reactor, and it will not only shorten the long term overheating operation of the reactor, but not only shorten the long term overheating of the reactor. The working life of the reactor may even cause serious accidents such as fire and burning, which will cause great harm to the safe operation of the transmission project. The dry type reactor under the time-varying current is forced to vibrate and affects the mechanical performance of the reactor. The fatigue damage caused by the reactor will cause the potential failure, and the structure radiation noise generated around the reactor is also daily. Interest has become one of the main noise sources in the power transmission and transformation project.
Based on the problems exposed by the above dry air reactor, the main research work on the serious magnetic leakage problem, the temperature rise characteristic, the vibration characteristics and the on-line monitoring of the dry air core reactor is carried out in this paper.
(1) optimization of magnetic shielding of dry air reactor. Based on the principle of frequency magnetic field shielding, an optimization model of magnetic shielding for dry type hollow reactor is established. A hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem with a hybrid optimization algorithm combined with edge finite element. The optimization model takes into account the center distance of the electric reactance device and the structure parameters of the shield. The optimization results show that increasing the erection height and increasing the diameter of the shielding plate can effectively reduce the maximum magnetic induction intensity, and reduce the center distance of the reactor effectively to improve the average magnetic induction intensity. This algorithm avoids the artificial single factor search method. The limitations provide reference for the shielding of dry air core reactors, and the optimization model and optimization algorithm are also applicable to other electromagnetic fields optimization of high voltage equipment.
(2) study on three-dimensional flow and solid coupling temperature field of dry type air reactor. Based on computational fluid mechanics and heat transfer theory, a mathematical model of fluid solid coupling temperature field in dry air reactor is established. The influence of the eddy current loss on the end temperature is considered for the first time. The three-dimensional model is dissecting with the structure grid and the finite volume is adopted. The product method is a direct solution to the steady-state flow field and temperature field of the reactor. The distribution characteristics of the reactor temperature field are obtained. The distribution characteristics of the enveloping temperature and the temperature rise law of the hot spot are summarized. The axial temperature distribution of the envelope can be divided into three different regions of temperature gradient. The hot spots are mainly concentrated in the upper end area, and the eddy current loss of the stellar support is sealed. The effect of the hot temperature is about 3K., and the effect of the forced convection to improve the temperature rise of the reactor is studied. There is a nonlinear decreasing relation between the air velocity and the hot spot temperature, and the effect of the forced convection heat dissipation will become saturated with the increase of the air velocity. The calculation model and the calculation method in this paper can provide the basis for the temperature rise monitoring of the dry type air reactor. It can also be applied to the study of fluid solid coupling temperature field in other high voltage equipment.
(3) the temperature rise test measurement and the noise test measurement of the dry type air reactor. The temperature rise of the dry type air reactor under natural convection is measured by the optical fiber temperature measurement. The correlation coefficient of the enveloping temperature measurement value and the calculated value is 0.918, the coincidence degree is good. The experimental measurement results verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the numerical calculation of the temperature field. The noise spectrum test is carried out in the electrocardiogram resistance device. The measurement results show that the main contribution of the radiation noise generated by the electromagnetic vibration of the dry type reactor is 100Hz sound pressure under the power frequency current excitation.
(4) the numerical calculation of the electromagnetic vibration of the dry type air reactor is based on the coupling of magnetic field and structure. The finite element method is used to analyze the structure mode of the dry type air reactor, and the natural frequency and modal shape of the reactor are obtained. Based on the harmonic response analysis, the electromagnetic force of the dry type air reactor is mapped to the structure under the power frequency current. On the grid, the vibration spectrum of the dry type air reactor is calculated. The calculation results show that the main vibration of the dry type air core reactor is radial vibration, and the axial vibration is smaller.
(5) design of the on-line temperature measurement and temperature rise early warning system for dry type air reactor. In order to reduce the operation accidents caused by the temperature rise failure of the dry type air reactor, at the same time, the research results of the fluid solid coupling temperature field are applied to the actual project. The on-line temperature measuring system of the dry type air reactor is designed, and the temperature measurement signal and the layout method are analyzed. The fiber Bragg grating sensor is used as the temperature measuring element. Considering the influence of ambient temperature, relative humidity and sunshine intensity on the temperature rise of the reactor hot spot, the differential evolution algorithm combined with the support vector machine's temperature rise regression model is put forward, and the temperature rise barrier is judged by the hot temperature rise limit standard, which can effectively reduce the error of temperature rise fault. The line temperature measurement system has strong anti-interference ability and high early warning accuracy, filling the blank of real-time monitoring and protection mechanism for dry type air core reactor.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM47

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