發(fā)布時間：2018-06-10 17:45

  本文選題：電勵磁同步電機 + 自控變頻��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：電勵磁同步電機具有功率因數(shù)可調、效率高等優(yōu)點，在工業(yè)大功率場合獲得了廣泛應用。在諸多同步電機起動方式中，自控變頻軟起動方式是技術含量最高，性能最優(yōu)的起動方式，是同步電機軟起動技術的發(fā)展方向。它具有起動電流較小，起動轉矩可控，對電網(wǎng)幾乎沒有附加要求等優(yōu)點。目前，國內大功率電動機軟起動裝置主要還是依靠進口，尤其是變頻軟起動器，國內目前還沒有形成完善的應用性產(chǎn)品，因此研究自控變頻方式同步電機軟起動裝置具有重要的經(jīng)濟意義和戰(zhàn)略意義。大功率同步電動機的起動及并網(wǎng)困難成為其應用的重大阻礙，是限制產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重大技術難題，本文針對自控變頻式同步電動機起動系統(tǒng)中存在的問題進行了理論分析和實踐研究，主要研究內容如下： 針對同步電動機無位置傳感器起動方法，本文采用自給脈沖起動與電氣轉子位置檢測相結合的方法實現(xiàn)了同步電動機無位置傳感器起動。通過突加、突減勵磁的方法檢測靜止轉子位置，轉速在中高速時用電氣式的方法實現(xiàn)轉子位置檢測，通過電機慣量辨識計算出自給脈沖的加速頻率，并用自給脈沖的方式實現(xiàn)了電機從靜止到中高速起動的過渡，實現(xiàn)了全程無位置傳感器的起動。 針對自給脈沖方法在低速起動過程中存在轉子脈動等問題，研究了基于高頻注入的轉子位置檢測方法。根據(jù)電勵磁同步電機的特點，向勵磁注入高頻電壓信號，產(chǎn)生高頻勵磁電流，之后采集耦合在定子上具有轉子位置信息的高頻電壓信號，經(jīng)過濾波及坐標變換提取有效轉子位置信息，最后采用鎖相環(huán)算法鎖定轉子位置。在晶閘管傳動系統(tǒng)中，當電流換相時，電機反電動勢的畸變比較嚴重，檢測端電壓將含有大量的高次諧波，準確提取有效的高頻信號非常困難。因此本文提出了基于高頻注入電壓預估的同步電機轉子位置檢測方法。在換相時刻采用預估電壓作為鎖相環(huán)的給定信號，防止換向畸變的高頻諧波進入到鎖相環(huán)。實驗結果證明，加入電壓預估后，，有效地避免了換相電壓畸變對轉子位置檢測產(chǎn)生的不利影響，提高了高頻注入轉子位置檢測的精度和可靠性。 并網(wǎng)是自控變頻式同步電機軟起動系統(tǒng)中非常關鍵的技術性問題。本文針對大功率以及大慣量系統(tǒng)，研究了準同期并網(wǎng)策略。分析了雙閉環(huán)調速系統(tǒng)中，在電流環(huán)動態(tài)特性非理想條件下，采用速度PI控制器引起的相角滑差不穩(wěn)定問題，進而，本文提出了一種自適應復合速度控制方法。在升速階段采用單比例自適應速度控制算法，克服了傳統(tǒng)比例控制器無法消除靜差的困難；在準同期階段，采用了基于相角滑差的準同期控制算法，解決了滑差不穩(wěn)定的問題，并給出了可靠的并網(wǎng)判決策略。 針對自控變頻軟起動裝置高壓系統(tǒng)的設計及實現(xiàn)，本文介紹了控制系統(tǒng)的軟、硬件設計方法。首先針對起動過程中，電機端電壓檢測存在的隔離、相移及諧波等問題，提出了詳細的電壓檢測方案。介紹了對晶閘管閥組、平波電抗器、進線電抗器的設計方法，設計了基于電流源的同步隔離觸發(fā)裝置，解決了高壓串聯(lián)晶閘管同步觸發(fā)和高低壓隔離問題。通過實驗結果提出了不同主電路結構的適用場合。
[Abstract]:With the advantages of adjustable power factor and high efficiency, the electric excitation synchronous motor has been widely used in industrial high-power situations. In the starting mode of many synchronous motors, the self controlled frequency conversion soft starting mode is the most technical content, the best starting mode, and the development direction of the synchronous motor soft starting technology. It has a small starting current. At present, the domestic high power motor soft starter is mainly dependent on the import, especially the variable frequency soft starter. At present, the domestic soft starter has not formed a perfect application product at home. Therefore, it is of great economic significance to study the soft starting device of the synchronous motor with self controlled frequency conversion. The difficulty of the starting and grid connection of high power synchronous motor has become a major obstacle to its application, and it is a major technical problem to restrict the development of the industry. In this paper, the theoretical analysis and practical research are carried out on the problems in the starting system of the self controlled frequency conversion synchronous motor. The main contents are as follows:
Aiming at the starting method of sensorless synchronous motor, this paper realizes the starting of the synchronous motor without position sensor with the method of self feeding pulse starting and electric rotor position detection. The position of the static rotor is detected by the sudden addition and the reduction of excitation, and the rotor position detection is realized by the electric method when the speed is in the middle and high speed. The acceleration frequency of the pulse is calculated by the inertia of the motor, and the transition from static to middle speed is realized by the way of self supply pulse, and the starting of the whole distance sensorless is realized.
Aiming at the problem of rotor pulsation in low speed starting process, the method of rotor position detection based on high frequency injection is studied. According to the characteristics of the synchronous motor, high frequency voltage signal is injected into the excitation, high frequency excitation current is produced, and then high frequency voltage signal with rotor position information on the stator is collected. By filtering and coordinate transformation, the effective rotor position information is extracted. Finally, the phase locked loop algorithm is used to lock the rotor position. In the thyristor transmission system, when the current is changed, the distortion of the motor back EMF is more serious. The detection terminal voltage will contain a large number of high order harmonics, so the accurate extraction of the effective high frequency signal is very difficult. Therefore, this paper is very difficult to accurately extract the effective high frequency signal. A method for detecting the rotor position of a synchronous motor based on high frequency injection voltage is proposed. In the commutation time, the estimated voltage is used as a given signal of the phase-locked loop to prevent the high frequency harmonics from the commutation distortion into the phase-locked loop. The experimental results show that the phase change of the commutation voltage can be avoided effectively after the voltage prediction is added. The adverse effect has improved the accuracy and reliability of high frequency injection rotor position detection.
Grid connection is a very key technical problem in the soft starting system of self controlled inverter synchronous motor. In this paper, a quasi synchronization network strategy is studied for high power and large inertia systems. The problem of unstable phase angle slip instability caused by the speed PI controller is analyzed under the non ideal dynamic characteristics of the current loop in a double closed loop speed control system. In this paper, an adaptive compound velocity control method is proposed. A single proportional adaptive speed control algorithm is adopted at the stage of rising to overcome the difficulty of eliminating static difference by the traditional proportional controller. In the quasi synchronization phase, a quasi synchronization control algorithm based on the phase angle slip is adopted to solve the problem of the instability of the slip. Based on the grid decision strategy.
In view of the design and implementation of the high voltage system of self controlled variable frequency soft starting device, this paper introduces the soft and hardware design methods of the control system. Firstly, the detailed voltage detection scheme is proposed for the isolation, phase shift and harmonics of the motor terminal voltage detection in the starting process. It introduces the thyristor valve group, the flat wave reactor and the wire feed. A synchronous isolation trigger based on current source is designed to solve the problem of synchronous trigger and high and low voltage isolation of high voltage series thyristor. The application of different main circuit structures is put forward through experimental results.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM341

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