本文選題：電池儲能 + 雙模式逆變器�。� 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著大規(guī)模分布式電源的廣泛應(yīng)用以及電網(wǎng)調(diào)峰調(diào)頻需求的增長,儲能裝置正逐步成為電網(wǎng)中的重要設(shè)備,它能夠起到削峰填谷、平抑分布式電源輸出功率的波動、充當(dāng)應(yīng)急電源的作用。蓄電池是儲能裝置的一個重要分類,目前廣泛應(yīng)用的二次電池包括鉛酸蓄電池和鋰電池。電力電子變流器是儲能電池接入電網(wǎng)或微電網(wǎng)的接口,主要拓撲包括雙向升降壓斬波電路、單相全橋逆變電路、三相半橋逆變電路。用于儲能電池的逆變器,要求能夠并網(wǎng)運行,也可以在電網(wǎng)故障時離網(wǎng)運行,因此稱作雙模式逆變器。本文以此為研究對象,開展了以下研究工作。 本文首先在不同坐標(biāo)系下建立了用于儲能電池的雙模式逆變器的數(shù)學(xué)模型(包括并網(wǎng)運行和離網(wǎng)運行)；分析了SVPWM的原理及實現(xiàn)方法。 然后根據(jù)實際工程項目對儲能逆變器的功能要求,設(shè)計了基于電池荷電狀態(tài)(Soc)、電網(wǎng)狀態(tài)、分布式電源輸出情況這三個約束條件下儲能逆變器的多種工作模式及其選擇流程。 論文重點研究了儲能逆變器各個運行模式的控制策略,以及保證平滑切換的控制方法,并針對各種工況可能遇到的問題,提出或設(shè)計了最為適合的控制策略：(1)并網(wǎng)模式下,采取雙閉環(huán)控制策略。平抑分布式電源波動時,控制外環(huán)以調(diào)度中心下發(fā)的指定功率為參考值,實際輸出功率為指定值,內(nèi)環(huán)為電感電流環(huán)；(2)對儲能電池充電時,根據(jù)電池管理系統(tǒng)下發(fā)可對電池執(zhí)行的操作以及電池端電壓,選擇相應(yīng)的充電方式如恒壓充電、恒流充電、涓流充電等；恒壓充電時,外環(huán)輸出應(yīng)該取負作為內(nèi)環(huán)的給定值；(3)選擇外環(huán)限幅值為額定功率下的電流幅值,以避免并網(wǎng)時實際運行模式切換導(dǎo)致儲能逆變器出現(xiàn)過流情況；(4)離網(wǎng)運行時,采取單環(huán)控制,控制目標(biāo)為本地負載端電壓；(5)提出采取電網(wǎng)電壓正負序分量作為標(biāo)準判斷電網(wǎng)狀態(tài)的方法,用于在電網(wǎng)故障或者從故障中恢復(fù)時發(fā)生的并網(wǎng)／離網(wǎng)切換,相比于主動式孤島檢測,能夠彌補無法判斷電網(wǎng)故障恢復(fù)的缺陷；(6)提出從并網(wǎng)切換至離網(wǎng)運行的方法是,并網(wǎng)運行時記錄電網(wǎng)電壓幅值相位,判斷出電網(wǎng)發(fā)生故障后,以正常時的幅值相位按照50Hz的頻率構(gòu)造參考電壓,保證負載端電壓不發(fā)生突變；(7)提出從離網(wǎng)切換至并網(wǎng)運行的方法是,電網(wǎng)從故障中恢復(fù)后,以電網(wǎng)相位對負載端電壓相位進行坐標(biāo)變換,求出相位差和幅值差,調(diào)整逆變器輸出電壓直到相位差和幅值差為零,然后閉合并網(wǎng)開關(guān)。 論文在進行系統(tǒng)地理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上,在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平臺中搭建了完整的儲能系統(tǒng)(含雙模式逆變器)模型,對上述各種控制策略進行了驗證。 結(jié)合實際工程項目,研發(fā)了一臺30kVA的儲能逆變器樣機,并進行了相關(guān)控制策略的檢驗,取得了良好的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of large-scale distributed generation and the increasing demand for peak shaving and frequency modulation in power grid, energy storage device is gradually becoming an important equipment in the power network, which can cut the peak and fill the valley, and stabilize the fluctuation of the output power of the distributed power supply. Act as an emergency power source. Battery is an important classification of energy storage devices. At present, secondary batteries are widely used, including lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries. Power electronic converter is the interface of energy storage battery to power grid or microgrid. The main topologies include bi-directional lifting chopper circuit, single-phase full-bridge inverter circuit, three-phase half-bridge inverter circuit. The inverter used for energy storage battery needs to be connected to the grid and can be operated off the grid in the event of power network failure, so it is called a dual-mode inverter. In this paper, as the research object, the following research work has been carried out. In this paper, the mathematical model of dual-mode inverter for energy storage battery is established in different coordinate systems (including grid-connected operation and off-grid operation), and the principle and implementation method of SVPWM are analyzed. Then according to the functional requirements of the energy storage inverter in the actual project, the working modes and the selection flow of the energy storage inverter are designed under the three constraints of battery charged state, power grid state and distributed power output. This paper focuses on the control strategy of each operation mode of the energy storage inverter and the control method to ensure smooth switching. Aiming at the problems that may be encountered in various operating conditions, the most suitable control strategy: 1) grid-connected mode is proposed or designed. Double closed loop control strategy is adopted. When suppressing the fluctuation of distributed power supply, the control outer loop takes the specified power generated by the dispatching center as the reference value, the actual output power as the specified value, and the inner loop as the inductance current ring / 2) to charge the energy storage cell. According to the operation of battery management system and battery terminal voltage, select the corresponding charging methods such as constant voltage charge, constant current charge, trickle charge, etc. The output of outer loop should be negative as the given value of inner loop / 3) the outer loop limit should be selected as the current amplitude under rated power, so as to avoid overcurrent of the energy storage inverter caused by the switching of actual operation mode during grid-connected operation, the single loop control should be adopted when operating off the grid. The control target is local load terminal voltage. (5) A method is proposed to use the positive and negative sequence components of the grid voltage as the standard to judge the state of the power network, which can be used for grid-connected / off-grid switching in the event of a fault or recovery from the fault. Compared with active islanding detection, the method of switching from grid-connected to off-grid operation is put forward, which can make up for the defect that can not judge the fault recovery of power network. The method is to record the amplitude and phase of the voltage when the grid is connected, and to judge the fault of the power network. Using the normal amplitude and phase to construct the reference voltage according to the frequency of 50Hz to ensure that the voltage of the load terminal does not have a sudden change, the method of switching from off-grid to grid-connected operation is put forward, that is, after the power network is recovered from the fault, The phase difference and amplitude difference are calculated by coordinate transformation of load terminal voltage phase based on power network phase, and the output voltage of inverter is adjusted until the phase difference and amplitude difference are zero, and then the grid-connected switch is closed. On the basis of systematic theoretical analysis, a complete model of energy storage system (including dual-mode inverter) is built on the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform, and the control strategies mentioned above are verified. A prototype of 30kVA energy storage inverter is developed, and the relevant control strategies are tested, and good results are obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM464

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