本文選題：蒸汽動(dòng)力循環(huán) + 復(fù)間冷系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)發(fā)電用一次能源以煤炭為主,主要分布于東北、華北、西北等“三北”地區(qū),而這些地區(qū)水資源都緊缺,為解決以燃煤為主的蒸汽動(dòng)力循環(huán)電站一次能源和水資源分布地理結(jié)構(gòu)上的矛盾,空冷技術(shù)得到廣泛應(yīng)用。但傳統(tǒng)空冷技術(shù)因冷卻風(fēng)溫度和風(fēng)量的變化幅值、頻率都難以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)報(bào),進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致空冷系統(tǒng)很難長(zhǎng)時(shí)間維持在設(shè)計(jì)工況下工作,從而降低了其運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)空冷技術(shù)的缺陷,復(fù)合制冷循環(huán)間接空氣冷卻系統(tǒng)(復(fù)間冷系統(tǒng))被提出用作蒸汽動(dòng)力循環(huán)電站的排汽冷卻。 針對(duì)復(fù)間冷系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用問(wèn)題,本文主要進(jìn)行了以下幾方面工作： 基于蒸汽動(dòng)力循環(huán)和復(fù)合制冷循環(huán)的耦合關(guān)聯(lián)及其制冷循環(huán)和朗肯循環(huán)的工作過(guò)程分析,本文通過(guò)環(huán)保性能、參數(shù)匹配、做功能力3輪嚴(yán)格比較篩選,作為自然物質(zhì)的氨,從十多種單質(zhì)制冷介質(zhì)中脫穎而出,成為現(xiàn)階段蒸汽動(dòng)力循環(huán)電站復(fù)間冷系統(tǒng)制冷、做功和環(huán)保性能俱佳的首選介質(zhì)。 為對(duì)環(huán)境氣溫大幅度、高頻率、隨機(jī)性變化給復(fù)間冷系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性影響作出定量評(píng)估,本文采用虛擬復(fù)間冷與直冷的對(duì)比分析法,構(gòu)建了復(fù)間冷機(jī)組運(yùn)行于環(huán)境高溫時(shí)段的熱經(jīng)濟(jì)性轉(zhuǎn)捩溫度與環(huán)境氣溫的定量關(guān)聯(lián),繼而以年累計(jì)輸出電量最大為目標(biāo)擬定了復(fù)間冷機(jī)組最佳設(shè)計(jì)背壓的優(yōu)選算法,同時(shí)提出廠址敏感性系數(shù)的定義及確定方法,揭示了廠址所在地環(huán)境氣溫分布對(duì)復(fù)間冷機(jī)組經(jīng)濟(jì)性的影響。 基于復(fù)間冷系統(tǒng)的能量轉(zhuǎn)化和傳遞過(guò)程機(jī)理,構(gòu)建了整個(gè)復(fù)間冷系統(tǒng)的變工況模型。它們包括：僅工作于環(huán)境高溫時(shí)段的制冷循環(huán)與汽輪機(jī)排汽壓力互動(dòng)的變工況計(jì)算模型,可實(shí)時(shí)定量給出壓縮機(jī)功耗、環(huán)境氣溫、翅片通道入口迎面風(fēng)速、排汽熱負(fù)荷等主要影響因素對(duì)汽輪機(jī)排汽壓力的影響；僅工作于環(huán)境低溫時(shí)段的朗肯循環(huán)的變工況計(jì)算模型的主導(dǎo)變量選用膨脹機(jī)的輸出功率,其主要影響因素有汽輪機(jī)排汽壓力、工質(zhì)過(guò)熱度、環(huán)境氣溫、迎面風(fēng)速、排汽熱負(fù)荷等。 基于復(fù)間冷系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行于高溫時(shí)段和低溫時(shí)段的最佳真空特性,擬定了相應(yīng)的復(fù)間冷機(jī)組最佳排汽真空和年累計(jì)發(fā)電量的實(shí)時(shí)算法,進(jìn)而采用全生命周期法對(duì)比評(píng)估了虛擬復(fù)間冷機(jī)組和同地同型直冷機(jī)組的全生命周期環(huán)境排放和成本,可望為未來(lái)全面評(píng)估復(fù)間冷機(jī)組的經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)境、社會(huì)效益奠定基礎(chǔ)。 為檢驗(yàn)復(fù)間冷系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于汽輪機(jī)排汽冷卻的可行性、有效性和可實(shí)施性,本文為此設(shè)計(jì)了復(fù)間冷制冷循環(huán)模擬試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)通過(guò)冷凝/蒸發(fā)器串接耦合模擬排汽裝置與制冷機(jī),初步驗(yàn)證了復(fù)間冷制冷循環(huán)降低排汽冷凝溫度的有效性；基于多因素的正交試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,獲得環(huán)境氣溫、排汽熱負(fù)荷與迎面風(fēng)速對(duì)排汽冷凝溫度的影響規(guī)律。 為改善復(fù)間冷系統(tǒng)空冷散熱器(空冷器)運(yùn)行過(guò)程中因灰垢積聚而降低的傳熱性能,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種以壓縮空氣代替高壓除鹽水的干式吹掃裝置,提出了吹掃效果評(píng)價(jià)方法以定量評(píng)價(jià)灰垢熱阻對(duì)排汽冷凝溫度的影響。在某600MW直冷機(jī)組空冷器現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明干式吹掃裝置節(jié)能節(jié)水效果明顯；并以空冷器運(yùn)行期內(nèi)因灰垢積聚和干式吹掃產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失之和最小為原則,提出一種空冷器清潔度優(yōu)化管理模型,確定干式吹掃最佳清洗周期。
[Abstract]:The primary energy of power generation in China is mainly coal, which is mainly distributed in Northeast, North China, northwest and other "Three North" areas, and the water resources are scarce in these areas. The air cooling technology is widely used to solve the contradiction between the primary energy and the distribution of water resources in the steam power cycle power plant, which is the main steam power cycle. However, the variation amplitude and frequency of wind temperature and air volume are difficult to predict accurately, which leads to the difficulty of maintaining the air cooling system working in the design condition for a long time, thus reducing its operating economy. In view of the defects of the traditional air cooling technology, the compound refrigeration cycle indirect air cooling system (complex intercooling system) is proposed as a steam power cycle electricity. The exhaust of the station is cooled.
In view of the application of complex intercooling system, the following works are carried out in this paper.
Based on the coupling relation of steam power cycle and compound refrigeration cycle and the working process analysis of the refrigeration cycle and the Rankine cycle, this paper strictly compares the environmental performance, the parameter matching and the work ability 3 rounds. As the ammonia of the natural material, it stands out from the more than 10 kinds of refrigerating medium and becomes the steam power cycle power station at the present stage. The complex medium cooling system is the preferred medium for refrigeration, good work and environmental protection.
In order to make a quantitative assessment of the economic impact of the complex intercooling system operating on a large scale, high frequency and randomness, a quantitative correlation between the transition temperature of a complex intercooled unit and the ambient temperature is established by the comparative analysis of virtual intercooling and direct cooling. The optimization algorithm for the best design back pressure of the complex intercooled unit is formulated as the target of the maximum quantity of electricity. At the same time, the definition and determination method of the sensitivity coefficient of the site are put forward, and the influence of the ambient air temperature distribution on the economy of the complex intercooled unit is revealed.
Based on the mechanism of the energy conversion and transfer process of the intercooled system, a variable working model of the whole complex intercooled system is constructed. They include the variable working model of the interaction between the refrigeration cycle and the steam turbine exhaust pressure working in the high temperature period of the environment. The power consumption, ambient temperature, and the entrance to the inlet of the fin channel can be given in real time. The influence of main factors such as speed, exhaust heat load and other factors on steam turbine exhaust pressure; the leading variable of the variable working condition calculation model of the Rankine cycle working in the ambient low temperature period selects the output power of the expander. The main influencing factors are steam turbine exhaust pressure, overheating of working fluid, ambient air temperature, front wind speed, exhaust heat load and so on.
Based on the optimum vacuum characteristics of the intercooling system running at high temperature and low temperature period, the corresponding real-time algorithm for the optimal exhaust vacuum and annual accumulative power generation of a complex intercooled unit is proposed. The whole life cycle environment emission and cost of the virtual complex cooling unit and the same type direct cooling unit are compared and evaluated by the full life cycle method. It is hoped that it will lay a foundation for the comprehensive assessment of the economic, environmental and social benefits of the secondary cooling units in the future.
In order to test the feasibility, effectiveness and feasibility of the application of the complex intercooling system to the steam turbine exhaust cooling, this paper designed a cycle simulation test system for the complex intercooling refrigeration cycle. This system has verified the effectiveness of the reduction of the exhaust condensing temperature by the cascade coupling of condensing / evaporator coupling and the refrigerating machine. Based on the orthogonal test results of multiple factors, the effects of ambient temperature, exhaust heat load and head-on wind speed on exhaust condensing temperature are obtained.
In order to improve the heat transfer performance of air cooled radiator (air cooler) in the operation process of air cooled radiator (air cooler), a dry sweeping device with compressed air instead of high pressure desalting water is designed in this paper. The effect of blowing effect evaluation method is put forward to evaluate the effect of gray scale thermal resistance on the condensing temperature of exhaust gas. In a 600MW direct cooling unit The field experiment of air cooler shows that the effect of energy saving and water saving is obvious in the dry cleaning device, and the optimization management model of air cooler cleanliness is put forward in the operation period of air cooler, and the optimum cleaning period of dry sweeping is determined.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM621

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本文編號(hào)：1836195