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  本文選題：逆變型微電網 + 電能質量��； 參考：《山東大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：大電網與微電網相結合的模式被認為是節(jié)省投資,降低能耗,提高供電可靠性和靈活性的重要形式。微電網中的分布式電源(Distributed Generation)可以分為同步型DG和逆變型DG,與同步型DG相比,逆變型DG采用全控的電力電子接口,控制更加靈活,具有巨大的性能優(yōu)勢。逆變型微電網可以綜合利用本地優(yōu)勢資源,向用戶提供清潔的能源,但傳統大電網中的許多電能質量問題如諧波和電壓暫降等仍然存在,傳統的治理方法是加裝APF、DVR等電能質量控制裝置進行被動控制�？紤]到逆變型DG并網逆變器與傳統的電能質量控制裝置具有相同的主電路結構,因此,可以利用逆變型DG在并網發(fā)電的同時對電能質量進行主動控制,這樣充分發(fā)揮了逆變型DG控制靈活的特點。首先,針對逆變型微電源的基本控制方法進行了研究。在逆變型微電網中,對微電源的控制即為對其逆變器的控制。本文以三相電壓型逆變器在兩相旋轉坐標系中的數學模型為基礎,詳細分析了逆變型微電源的PQ控制和下垂控制方法的原理,并對相應的控制器參數進行了選擇；此外,還針對下垂控制的電壓電流雙閉環(huán)控制系統推導了其逆變器等效輸出阻抗的表達式,并繪制逆變器等效輸出阻抗伯德圖。當微電網與低壓配電網相連時,傳統的下垂控制由于等效輸出阻抗過小不能滿足XR而不在適用,通過引入虛擬阻抗,使逆變器等效輸出阻抗足夠大且呈感性。建立逆變型微電網仿真模型,針對單個逆變型微電源和微電源組網狀態(tài)下的運行情況進行了仿真,驗證了PQ控制模型和基于虛擬阻抗的下垂控制模型的有效性。其次,針對微電網中的諧波治理問題進行了研究。分析了傳統的諧波治理裝置APF的結構、原理和電流跟蹤控制方法；分析了二階廣義積分器的基本原理,并將基于二階廣義積分器的諧波電流檢測方法應用于并網逆變器控制之中,搭建了逆變型微電網諧波治理的主動控制模型,通過仿真驗證了主動控制在微電網諧波治理方面能夠起到一定的作用,并且主動控制的并網逆變器能夠實現無功功率的就地平衡以及改善微網電流不平衡的功能。當微電網輸出電流在主動控制下仍不能滿足諧波標準時,加裝APF對微電網諧波進行被動控制。最后,針對逆變型微電網中的電壓暫降補償問題進行了研究。分析了傳統的電壓暫降補償裝置DVR的結構原理及控制方式；分析了含多臺逆變型DG的微電網PCC電壓暫降補償的基本原理及在無功功率分配方面的限制。通過對下垂控制中Q/V控制進行改進實現了電壓暫降補償的主動控制,同時實現了輸出無功功率按容量比例進行分配而不受線路阻抗的影響。搭建了逆變型微電網電壓暫降補償主動控制的仿真模型,仿真結果表明在主動控制方式下,微電源能夠在并網發(fā)電的同時對PCC電壓暫降進行補償。當PCC電壓暫降超過一定程度,過分增加DG輸出無功功率既不經濟也不實用,通過控制DG輸出電壓,同時加裝DVR對微電網敏感負荷電壓暫降進行被動控制,仿真表明通過主動控制與被動控制相結合的方式能夠實現微電網負荷電壓不受電壓暫降的影響。
[Abstract]:The combination of large power grid and Microgrid is considered as an important form of saving investment, reducing energy consumption and improving power supply reliability and flexibility. The distributed power supply (Distributed Generation) in microgrid can be divided into synchronous DG and inverter type DG. Compared with synchronous DG, the reverse variant DG uses a fully controlled power electronic interface, and the control is more flexible. The inverter type micro grid can make use of local advantages and provide clean energy to users. However, many power quality problems in traditional large power grid, such as harmonic and voltage temporary degradation, are still existing, the traditional method is to install APF, DVR and other power quality control devices for passive control. The inverter type DG grid inverter and the traditional power quality control device have the same main circuit structure. Therefore, the inverter type DG can take active control of the power quality at the same time when the inverter is connected to the grid, which fully plays the flexible characteristics of the inverter DG control. First, the basic control method of the inverter type micro power supply is studied. In the inverter type microgrid, the control of the micro power supply is the control of the inverter. Based on the mathematical model of the three-phase voltage inverter in the two phase rotating coordinate system, the principle of the PQ control and the droop control method of the inverter micro power supply is analyzed in detail, and the corresponding controller parameters are selected. In addition, the controller is also selected. The expression of the equivalent output impedance of the inverter is derived for the voltage and current double closed loop control system with droop control, and the equivalent output impedance Bode diagram of the inverter is drawn. When the micro grid is connected with the low-voltage distribution network, the traditional droop control is not suitable for XR because the equivalent output impedance is too small, and the virtual impedance is introduced. The equivalent output impedance of the inverter is large enough and sensibility. The simulation model of the inverter type microgrid is set up. The simulation of the operation of the single inverter and the micro power supply is carried out. The validity of the PQ control model and the droop control model based on the virtual impedance is verified. Secondly, the harmonic governance in the microgrid is asked. The structure, the principle and the current tracking control method of the traditional harmonic control device APF are analyzed, the basic principle of the Nikai Hiroyoshi integrator is analyzed, and the harmonic current detection method based on the Nikai Hiroyoshi integrator is applied to the control of the grid connected inverter, and the active control of the harmonic control of the inverter type microgrid is built. The simulation shows that the active control plays a certain role in the harmonic control of the microgrid, and the active control of the grid connected inverter can achieve the in-situ balance of reactive power and the function of improving the imbalance of the microgrid current. When the output current of the microgrid can not meet the harmonics standard under the main dynamic control, the A is added. PF has passive control on the harmonics of microgrid. Finally, the problem of voltage sags compensation in the inverter type microgrid is studied. The structure principle and control mode of the traditional voltage sags compensation device DVR are analyzed. The basic principle of the voltage sags compensation of the microgrid PCC containing multiple inverter DG and the reactive power formula are analyzed. The active control of the voltage sags compensation is realized by improving the Q/V control in the droop control. At the same time, the output reactive power is allocated according to the capacity ratio without the influence of the line impedance. A simulation model for the active control of the inverter type voltage sags compensation is built, and the simulation results show that the active control is in the active control. In the way, the micro power supply can compensate the voltage sags of the PCC at the same time. When the PCC voltage sag exceeds a certain degree, it is neither economical nor practical to increase the DG output reactive power too much. By controlling the output voltage of the DG and adding DVR to the micro grid sensitive load voltage sags, the simulation shows that the active control is carried out through the active control. The load voltage of microgrid can not be affected by voltage sag by combining the system with passive control.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM714.2;TM464

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本文編號：1811205