本文選題：微電網(wǎng) + 復(fù)合儲能��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來,因面臨化石能源日漸短缺與枯竭以及全球氣候變化等嚴(yán)峻現(xiàn)實(shí)問題,作為分布式可再生能源的有效組織形式,微電網(wǎng)技術(shù)在國內(nèi)外得到前所未有的關(guān)注。儲能作為微電網(wǎng)的重要組成部分,在微電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定控制、平抑可再生能源波動(dòng)、電能質(zhì)量補(bǔ)償、削峰填谷、應(yīng)急供電等領(lǐng)域可為微電網(wǎng)提供關(guān)鍵技術(shù)支撐。然而,受限于儲能技術(shù)水平發(fā)展的掣肘,單一儲能往往難以滿足微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)多種不同需求,發(fā)展復(fù)合儲能技術(shù),是目前在經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)上較為可行的解決方案。研究微電網(wǎng)復(fù)合儲能關(guān)鍵技術(shù),具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 本文著眼于微電網(wǎng)對儲能技術(shù)的多種典型需求,針對微電網(wǎng)中復(fù)合儲能的柔性控制與容量配置開展探索和創(chuàng)新研究,重點(diǎn)解決復(fù)合儲能的多端口接入、儲能變換器可靠容錯(cuò)運(yùn)行、儲能對微電網(wǎng)的關(guān)鍵支撐作用等基礎(chǔ)性問題,在此基礎(chǔ)上探討微電網(wǎng)復(fù)合儲能容量的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化配置技術(shù)。 以多繞組高頻變壓器為基礎(chǔ),構(gòu)建了復(fù)合儲能的多端口統(tǒng)一接入拓?fù)?揭示了端口間的功率傳輸規(guī)律及影響機(jī)制；基于超級電容和蓄電池相融合的三端口全橋復(fù)合儲能等效電路,推導(dǎo)出三端口復(fù)合儲能的平均電流小信號分析模型,并藉此獲得三端口復(fù)合儲能定功率傳輸策略；針對超級電容端口電壓隨儲能容量波動(dòng)較大的特點(diǎn),研究得到一種異步占空比移相PWM算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)多端口變換器在功率傳輸過程中端口電壓的匹配,可有效改善傳輸效率。上述研究為復(fù)合儲能整體接入微電網(wǎng)所需的底層功率傳輸控制提供了技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。 微電網(wǎng)儲能裝置的可靠性很大程度上取決于儲能變換環(huán)節(jié)。在兼顧經(jīng)濟(jì)成本和控制性能的前提下,針對潛在的儲能變換故障,研究三相四開關(guān)儲能容錯(cuò)拓?fù)?并給出容錯(cuò)切換的臨界條件和切換準(zhǔn)則。準(zhǔn)確快速地獲取儲能變換器的故障信息是實(shí)現(xiàn)故障容錯(cuò)的前提,針對建模中的故障信息丟失問題,引入電路狀態(tài)邏輯構(gòu)建了儲能變換器混雜系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)(HSD)模型,藉此獲得一種基于電流狀態(tài)殘差演變特征的儲能變換器故障診斷方法,可顯著提高故障診斷的快速性。針對四開關(guān)變換器的內(nèi)在缺陷,基于等效阻抗理論揭示了輸出阻抗、逆變頻率和輔助電容差異對輸出不平衡的內(nèi)在作用機(jī)制,根據(jù)調(diào)制信號與空間電壓矢量作用時(shí)間的關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)律,推導(dǎo)出一種實(shí)現(xiàn)直流中點(diǎn)電位偏差前饋補(bǔ)償?shù)牡刃VPWM控制方法,顯著提高了四開關(guān)儲能變換器容錯(cuò)運(yùn)行的平衡度。 可對微電網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償?shù)碾娏τ性礊V波器(APE),存在功能單一、造價(jià)較高等問題,而四開關(guān)儲能變換器因減少了功率器件和輔助裝置,在低成本功率變換領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用前景較好。為此,本文開展了低成本三相四開關(guān)儲能型APF應(yīng)用技術(shù)研究。推導(dǎo)出一種基于電源電流跟蹤的微電網(wǎng)諧波和無功直接補(bǔ)償策略,因無需檢測諧波,可有效降低四開關(guān)APF的實(shí)現(xiàn)難度。進(jìn)一步研究了電壓跌落引起的微電網(wǎng)不平衡對四開關(guān)APF的影響機(jī)制,推導(dǎo)出基于線電壓矢量合成的四開關(guān)APE電流參考值生成策略,以適應(yīng)微電網(wǎng)中的特殊不對稱情況。 四開關(guān)儲能型APF可對微電網(wǎng)提供多種柔性支撐。針對四開關(guān)儲能型APF工作模式的自適應(yīng)切換,借助坐標(biāo)變換推導(dǎo)出不同模式下的指令電流算式,并給出切換控制的邊界條件；針對四開關(guān)APF的物理實(shí)現(xiàn),給出了APF關(guān)鍵控制參數(shù)的取值準(zhǔn)則及定量計(jì)算方法,并得到一種基于周期積分的單相軟件鎖相方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對電源電流的精確滯環(huán)跟蹤補(bǔ)償。 微電網(wǎng)復(fù)合儲能容量的配置多依賴于工程經(jīng)驗(yàn),缺乏理論指導(dǎo)和定量評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn),為此,本文深入研究了微電網(wǎng)復(fù)合儲能容量的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化配置技術(shù)。構(gòu)建了以投資成本最低、功率平衡最優(yōu)、可再生能源發(fā)電功率波動(dòng)最小為目標(biāo)的復(fù)合儲能容量配置多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型,從濾波系數(shù)、功率限幅、儲能充放電管理等角度闡明了影響復(fù)合儲能優(yōu)化效果的關(guān)鍵因素；提出一種基于目標(biāo)函數(shù)適應(yīng)度離差均值排序的子目標(biāo)函數(shù)權(quán)重確定方法,用以重組目標(biāo)函數(shù),可有效降低粒子群優(yōu)化求解算法的實(shí)施難度；為評估多目標(biāo)最優(yōu)解的有效性,定義了可再生能源波動(dòng)系數(shù)和供求平衡匹配系數(shù),可實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)化效果的定量評估。 針對超級電容和蓄電池構(gòu)成的典型復(fù)合儲能,就容量的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化配置開展算例分析,給出了典型目標(biāo)函數(shù)的建立方法以及優(yōu)化算法實(shí)現(xiàn)流程,量化比較了復(fù)合儲能和單一儲能的容量多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化配置效果,表明復(fù)合儲能容量優(yōu)化配置的合理性。 基于構(gòu)建的微電網(wǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺,進(jìn)一步開展了復(fù)合儲能柔性控制實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。研制了三端口復(fù)合儲能全橋變換器、三相四開關(guān)儲能容錯(cuò)裝置、儲能型四開關(guān)APF等實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī),給出了關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的優(yōu)化結(jié)果和軟硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,重點(diǎn)開展了復(fù)合儲能定功率控制、容錯(cuò)判斷及切換、直接電流滯環(huán)跟蹤、電能質(zhì)量統(tǒng)一補(bǔ)償、鎖相跟蹤等實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,驗(yàn)證了本文理論與方法的有效性。 本文研究結(jié)果可為微電網(wǎng)復(fù)合儲能裝置的拓?fù)湓O(shè)計(jì)和工程應(yīng)用提供理論基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years , the micro - grid technology has received unprecedented attention as an effective organization form of distributed renewable energy because of the shortage and depletion of fossil energy and global climate change . As an important part of the micro - grid , the energy storage is a key component of the micro - grid . However , it is often difficult to meet the many different needs of the micro - grid in the fields of micro - grid stability control , flat - peak power supply and other fields . However , the development of the composite energy storage technology is a feasible solution in the economy and technology . It is of great practical significance and application value to study the key technology of composite energy storage of micro - grid .

In this paper , based on the typical demand of micro - grid for energy storage technology , the research on flexible control and capacity allocation of composite energy storage in micro - grid is studied , and the basic problems such as multi - port access of composite energy storage , reliable fault - tolerant operation of energy storage transformer and key supporting role of energy storage on micro - grid are emphatically solved , and the multi - objective optimization collocation technology of micro - grid composite energy storage capacity is discussed .

Based on the multi - winding high - frequency transformer , a multi - port unified access topology with composite energy storage is constructed , and the power transmission law and influence mechanism among the ports are revealed .
Based on the three - port full - bridge composite energy storage equivalent circuit fused by the super capacitor and the storage battery , the average current small signal analysis model of the three - port composite energy storage is deduced , and the three - port composite energy storage constant - power transmission strategy is obtained .
According to the characteristics of the super capacitor port voltage fluctuation with the storage capacity fluctuation , an asynchronous duty cycle phase shift PWM algorithm is developed to realize the matching of the port voltage in the power transmission process of the multi - port converter , which can effectively improve the transmission efficiency . The research provides a technical foundation for the control of the bottom power transmission required by the composite energy storage integrated access micro - grid .

This paper studies three - phase four - switch energy - storage fault - tolerant topology and gives the critical condition and switching criterion of fault - tolerant switching .

This paper studies the application prospect of low - cost three - phase four - switch energy - storage APF in low - cost power conversion .

The four - switch energy storage type APF can provide various flexible supports to the micro - grid . According to the self - adaptive switching of the four - switch energy storage type APF working mode , the instruction current formula in different modes is derived by means of coordinate transformation , and the boundary conditions of the switching control are given ;
According to the physical realization of the four - switch APF , the value criterion and the quantitative calculation method of the key control parameters of APF are given , and a single - phase software phase locking method based on the periodic integral is obtained , and the accurate hysteresis tracking compensation for the power supply current is realized .

In this paper , the multi - objective optimization mathematical model of composite energy storage capacity with minimum investment cost , optimal power balance and minimum power fluctuation of renewable energy is studied . The key factors that affect the optimization effect of composite energy storage are expounded from the angle of filter coefficient , power limit , energy storage and discharge management .
This paper presents a method for determining the weight of sub - objective function based on objective function fitness deviation mean ordering , which is used to reconstruct the objective function , which can effectively reduce the implementation difficulty of the particle swarm optimization solution algorithm ;
In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the multi - objective optimal solution , a quantitative evaluation of the optimization effect can be realized by defining the matching coefficients of the renewable energy fluctuation coefficient and the supply and demand balance .

Aiming at the typical composite energy storage of super capacitor and storage battery , an example analysis is carried out on the multi - objective optimal configuration of capacity , the establishment method of the typical objective function and the realization flow of the optimization algorithm are given , and the optimization collocation effect of the capacity of the composite energy storage and the single energy storage is quantified and compared , and the rationality of the optimal configuration of the composite energy storage capacity is shown .

Based on the constructed micro - grid experiment platform , the experimental research on the flexible control of composite energy storage is carried out . The experimental prototype of three - port composite energy - storage full - bridge inverter , three - phase four - switch energy - storage fault - tolerant device and energy - storage type four - switch APF is developed . The key parameters optimization results and the software and hardware implementation method are given . The experimental research on complex energy storage constant - power control , fault - tolerant judgement and switching , direct current hysteresis loop tracking , power quality unified compensation and phase lock tracking are emphatically carried out , and the validity of the theory and method is verified .

The results of this paper can provide theoretical basis and technical basis for topology design and engineering application of micro - grid composite energy storage device .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM727

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